--- title: Exodus 12:48 — And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. Who acts: stranger, you, uncircumcised person --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/) / 12:48 # Exodus 12:48 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** stranger, you, uncircumcised person · **What happens:** sojourn, keep, let, circumcise, come, be · **To what, where:** passover, males, stranger, male, land This is Exodus 12:48 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — stranger, you, uncircumcised person — and what happens in the verse to passover, males, stranger, male, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַיהוָה֒ הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְאָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ [And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.359/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:331 # text = וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַיהוָה֒ הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְאָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃ # verse = EXO.12.48 1-2 וְכִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:48!1|MId=o020120480011|Strong=2050b 2 כִֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_12:48!1|MId=o020120480012|Strong=3588 3 יָג֨וּר גּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.sojourn|Ref=EXO_12:48!2|MId=o020120480021|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:020120480041;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 אִתְּךָ֜ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_12:48!3|MId=o020120480031|Strong=0854 5 ְךָ֜ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_12:48!3|MId=o020120480032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 גֵּ֗ר גֵּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.sojourner|Ref=EXO_12:48!4|MId=o020120480041|Strong=1616 7-8 וְעָ֣שָׂה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:48!5|MId=o020120480051|Strong=2050b 8 עָ֣שָׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.observe|Ref=EXO_12:48!5|MId=o020120480052|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020120480041;A1:020120480061;|Type=weqatal 9 פֶסַח֮ פֶּסַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=a.passover|Ref=EXO_12:48!6|MId=o020120480061|Strong=6453 10-11 לַיהוָה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_12:48!7|MId=o020120480071|Strong=3807a 11 יהוָה֒ יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_12:48!7|MId=o020120480072|Strong=3068 12 הִמּ֧וֹל מוּל VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.be.circumcised|Ref=EXO_12:48!8|MId=o020120480081|Strong=4135|Frame=A1:020120480111;|Type=infinitive_absolute 13-14 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_12:48!9|MId=o020120480091|Strong=3807a 14 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_12:48!9|MId=o020120480092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_12:48!10|MId=o020120480101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 16 זָכָ֗ר זָכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=male|Ref=EXO_12:48!11|MId=o020120480111|Strong=2145|Type=adjective 17-18 וְאָז֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:48!12|MId=o020120480121|Strong=2050b 18 אָז֙ אָז ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=EXO_12:48!12|MId=o020120480122|Strong=0227 19 יִקְרַ֣ב קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.draw.near|Ref=EXO_12:48!13|MId=o020120480131|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:020120480041;|Type=jussive 20-22 לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_12:48!14|MId=o020120480141|Strong=3807a 21 עֲשֹׂת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 advcl _ Gloss=observe|Ref=EXO_12:48!14|MId=o020120480142|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020120480041;A1:020120480143;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_12:48!14|MId=o020120480143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְהָיָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:48!15|MId=o020120480151|Strong=2050b 24 הָיָ֖ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=he.will.be|Ref=EXO_12:48!15|MId=o020120480152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020120480041;|Type=weqatal 25-26 כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EXO_12:48!16|MId=o020120480161|Strong=3509a 26 אֶזְרַ֣ח אֶזְרָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=the.native-born|Ref=EXO_12:48!16|MId=o020120480162|Strong=0249 27-28 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_12:48!17|MId=o020120480171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_12:48!17|MId=o020120480172|Strong=0776 29-30 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:48!18|MId=o020120480181|Strong=2050b 30 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=EXO_12:48!18|MId=o020120480182|Strong=3605 31 עָרֵ֖ל עָרֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=uncircumcised.[man]|Ref=EXO_12:48!19|MId=o020120480191|Strong=6189|Type=adjective 32 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_12:48!20|MId=o020120480201|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 33 יֹ֥אכַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.eat|Ref=EXO_12:48!21|MId=o020120480211|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:020120480191;|Type=yiqtol 34-35 בּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_12:48!22|MId=o020120480221|Strong=0871a 35 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_12:48!22|MId=o020120480222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EXO_12:48!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָגוּר *he will sojourn* | yiqtol · qal | גֵּר *a sojourner* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he will observe* | weqatal · qal | גֵּר *a sojourner* | פֶסַח *a passover* | | | | הִמּוֹל *he will be circumcised* | infinitive absolute · niphal | | זָכָר *male* | | | | יִקְרַב *he will draw near* | jussive · qal | גֵּר *a sojourner* | | | | | עֲשֹׂת *observe* | infinitive construct · qal | גֵּר *a sojourner* | וֹ *it* | | | | הָיָה *he will be* | weqatal · qal | גֵּר *a sojourner* | | | | | **not** יֹאכַל *he will eat* | yiqtol · qal | עָרֵל *uncircumcised \[man\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵי יִתְגַיַר עִמָךְ גִיוֹרָא וְיַעְבֵּד פִּסְחָא קֳדָם יְיָ מִגְזַר לֵהּ כָּל דְכוּרָא וּבְכֵן יִקְרַב לְמֶעְבְּדֵהּ וִיהֵי כְּיַצִיבָא דְאַרְעָא וְכָל עַרְלָא לָא יֵכוּל בֵּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.359/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:331`. - ← previous: [Exodus 12:47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.47/) - next →: [Exodus 12:49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.49/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/)