--- title: Exodus 13:15 — and it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go that the LO… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the first-born of man, and the first-born of beast; therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the womb, being males; but all the first-born of my sons I redeem. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/) / 13:15 # Exodus 13:15 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** firstling, Pharaoh, us, LORD, I · **What happens:** come, pass, let, go, slay, bear · **To what, where:** us, firstborn, land, all, LORD, womb This is Exodus 13:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — firstling, Pharaoh, us, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to us, firstborn, land, all, LORD, womb, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג יְהֹוָ֤ה כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִבְּכֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּהֵמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֩ אֲנִ֨י זֹבֵ֜חַ לַֽיהוָ֗ה כָּל־פֶּ֤טֶר רֶ֙חֶם֙ הַזְּכָרִ֔ים וְכָל־בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנַ֖י אֶפְדֶּֽה׃ [and it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the first-born of man, and the first-born of beast; therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the womb, being males; but all the first-born of my sons I redeem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.377/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:349 # text = וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג יְהֹוָ֤ה כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִבְּכֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּהֵמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֩ אֲנִ֨י זֹבֵ֜חַ לַֽיהוָ֗ה כָּל־פֶּ֤טֶר רֶ֙חֶם֙ הַזְּכָרִ֔ים וְכָל־בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנַ֖י אֶפְדֶּֽה׃ # verse = EXO.13.15 1-2 וַיְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:15!1|MId=o020130150011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֗י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EXO_13:15!1|MId=o020130150012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_13:15!2|MId=o020130150021|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 4 הִקְשָׁ֣ה קָשָׁה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.made.stubborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!3|MId=o020130150031|Strong=7185|Frame=A0:020130150041;|Type=qatal 5 פַרְעֹה֮ פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_13:15!4|MId=o020130150041|Strong=6547 6-8 לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:15!5|MId=o020130150051|Strong=3807a 7 שַׁלְּח שָׁלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 4 advcl _ Gloss=let|Ref=EXO_13:15!5|MId=o020130150052|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020130150041;A1:020130150053;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 ֵנוּ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=us.go|Ref=EXO_13:15!5|MId=o020130150053|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:15!6|MId=o020130150061|Strong=2050b 10 יַּהֲרֹ֨ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.killed|Ref=EXO_13:15!6|MId=o020130150062|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:020130150071;A1:020130150091;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 יְהֹוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_13:15!7|MId=o020130150071|Strong=3068 12 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_13:15!8|MId=o020130150081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 13 בְּכוֹר֙ בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!9|MId=o020130150091|Strong=1060 14-15 בְּאֶ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_13:15!10|MId=o020130150101|Strong=0871a 15 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_13:15!10|MId=o020130150102|Strong=0776 16 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_13:15!11|MId=o020130150111|Strong=4714 17-18 מִבְּכֹ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=EXO_13:15!12|MId=o020130150121|Strong=4480 18 בְּכֹ֥ר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!12|MId=o020130150122|Strong=1060 19 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=EXO_13:15!13|MId=o020130150131|Strong=0120 20-21 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:15!14|MId=o020130150141|Strong=2050b 21 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=EXO_13:15!14|MId=o020130150142|Strong=5704 22 בְּכ֣וֹר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=[the].firstborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!15|MId=o020130150151|Strong=1060 23 בְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.livestock|Ref=EXO_13:15!16|MId=o020130150161|Strong=0929 24 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=EXO_13:15!17|MId=o020130150171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 25 כֵּן֩ כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_13:15!18|MId=o020130150181|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 26 אֲנִ֨י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_13:15!19|MId=o020130150191|Strong=0589|Type=personal 27 זֹבֵ֜חַ זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[am].sacrificing|Ref=EXO_13:15!20|MId=o020130150201|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:020130150191;A1:020130150231;|Type=participle_active 28-29 לַֽיהוָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:15!21|MId=o020130150211|Strong=3807a 29 יהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_13:15!21|MId=o020130150212|Strong=3068 30 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_13:15!22|MId=o020130150221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 31 פֶּ֤טֶר פֶּטֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!23|MId=o020130150231|Strong=6363 32 רֶ֙חֶם֙ רֶחֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.womb|Ref=EXO_13:15!24|MId=o020130150241|Strong=7358 33-34 הַזְּכָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_13:15!25|MId=o020130150251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 זְּכָרִ֔ים זָכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 appos _ Gloss=males|Ref=EXO_13:15!25|MId=o020130150252|Strong=2145 35-36 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:15!26|MId=o020130150261|Strong=2050b 36 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_13:15!26|MId=o020130150262|Strong=3605 37 בְּכ֥וֹר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).firstborn|Ref=EXO_13:15!27|MId=o020130150271|Strong=1060 38-39 בָּנַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בָּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.sons|Ref=EXO_13:15!28|MId=o020130150281|Strong=1121 39 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_13:15!28|MId=o020130150282|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 40 אֶפְדֶּֽה פָּדָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.redeem|Ref=EXO_13:15!29|MId=o020130150291|Strong=6299|Frame=A0:020130030042;A1:020130150271;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=EXO_13:15!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִקְשָׁה *he made stubborn* | qatal · hiphil | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | | | | | שַׁלְּח *let* | infinitive construct · piel | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | ֵנוּ *us go* | | | | יַּהֲרֹג *he killed* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהֹוָה *Yahweh* | בְּכוֹר *firstborn* | | | | זֹבֵחַ *\[am\] sacrificing* | participle active · qal | אֲנִי *I* | פֶּטֶר *firstborn* | | | | אֶפְדֶּֽה *I redeem* | yiqtol · qal | | בְּכוֹר *(the) firstborn* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה אֲרֵי אַקְשֵׁי פַרְעֹה לְשַׁלָחוּתָנָא וּקְטַל יְיָ כָּל בּוּכְרָא בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם מִבּוּכְרָא דַאֲנָשָׁא וְעַד בּוּכְרָא דִבְעִירָא עַל כֵּן אֲנָא דָבַח קֳדָם יְיָ כָּל פָּתַח וַלְדָא דִכְרִין וְכָל בּוּכְרָא דִבְנַי אֶפְרוֹק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the first-born of man, and the first-born of beast; therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the womb, being males; but all the first-born of my sons I redeem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.377/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:349`. - ← previous: [Exodus 13:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.14/) - next →: [Exodus 13:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.16/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/)