--- title: Exodus 13:18 — But God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Re… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt. Who acts: God, children. Exodus 13:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/) / 13:18 # Exodus 13:18 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** God, children · **What happens:** lead, go up · **To what, where:** people, land This is Exodus 13:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, children — and what happens in the verse to people, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּסֵּ֨ב אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶת־הָעָ֛ם דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יַם־ס֑וּף וַחֲמֻשִׁ֛ים עָל֥וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [But God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.380/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:352 # text = וַיַּסֵּ֨ב אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶת־הָעָ֛ם דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר יַם־ס֑וּף וַחֲמֻשִׁ֛ים עָל֥וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.13.18 1-2 וַיַּסֵּ֨ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:18!1|MId=o020130180011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּסֵּ֨ב סָבַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.caused.to.go.around|Ref=EXO_13:18!1|MId=o020130180012|Strong=5437|Frame=AA:020130180021;A0:020130180042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֱלֹהִ֧ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_13:18!2|MId=o020130180021|Strong=0430 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=EXO_13:18!2 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_13:18!3|MId=o020130180031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָעָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_13:18!4|MId=o020130180041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עָ֛ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_13:18!4|MId=o020130180042|Strong=5971 8 דֶּ֥רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=EXO_13:18!5|MId=o020130180051|Strong=1870 9-10 הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_13:18!6|MId=o020130180061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּדְבָּ֖ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=EXO_13:18!6|MId=o020130180062|Strong=4057 11 יַם־ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=[the].sea|Ref=EXO_13:18!7|MId=o020130180071|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 12 ס֑וּף סוּף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.reed[s]|Ref=EXO_13:18!8|MId=o020130180081|Strong=5488 13-14 וַחֲמֻשִׁ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:18!9|MId=o020130180091|Strong=2050b 14 חֲמֻשִׁ֛ים חמשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 obl:npmod _ Gloss=arrayed.for.battle|Ref=EXO_13:18!9|MId=o020130180092|Strong=2571|Frame=A1:020130180111;|Type=participle_passive 15 עָל֥וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=EXO_13:18!10|MId=o020130180101|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:020130180111;|Type=qatal 16 בְנֵי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EXO_13:18!11|MId=o020130180111|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_13:18!12|MId=o020130180121|Strong=3478 18-19 מֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_13:18!13|MId=o020130180131|Strong=4480 19 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_13:18!13|MId=o020130180132|Strong=0776 20 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_13:18!14|MId=o020130180141|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=EXO_13:18!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּסֵּב *he caused to go around* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | חֲמֻשִׁים *arrayed for battle* | participle passive · qal | | בְנֵי־ *the people* | | | | עָלוּ *they went up* | qatal · qal | בְנֵי־ *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאַסְחַר יְיָ יָת עַמָא אֹרַח מַדְבְּרָא יַמָא דְסוּף וּמְזָרְזִין סְלִיקוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But God led the people about, by the way of the wilderness by the Red Sea; and the children of Israel went up armed out of the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.380/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:352`. - ← previous: [Exodus 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.17/) - next →: [Exodus 13:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.19/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/)