--- title: Exodus 13:21 — And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night: Who acts: LORD, children. Exodus 13:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/) / 13:21 # Exodus 13:21 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, children · **What happens:** go, lead, give · **To what, where:** pillar, children, light This is Exodus 13:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, children — and what happens in the verse to pillar, children, light, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיהוָ֡ה הֹלֵךְ֩ לִפְנֵיהֶ֨ם יוֹמָ֜ם בְּעַמּ֤וּד עָנָן֙ לַנְחֹתָ֣ם הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְלַ֛יְלָה בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֑ם לָלֶ֖כֶת יוֹמָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ [And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.383/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:355 # text = וַֽיהוָ֡ה הֹלֵךְ֩ לִפְנֵיהֶ֨ם יוֹמָ֜ם בְּעַמּ֤וּד עָנָן֙ לַנְחֹתָ֣ם הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְלַ֛יְלָה בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֑ם לָלֶ֖כֶת יוֹמָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ # verse = EXO.13.21 1-2 וַֽיהוָ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:21!1|MId=o020130210011|Strong=2050b 2 יהוָ֡ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_13:21!1|MId=o020130210012|Strong=3068 3 הֹלֵךְ֩ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].going|Ref=EXO_13:21!2|MId=o020130210021|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020130210012;|Type=participle_active 4-6 לִפְנֵיהֶ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_13:21!3|MId=o020130210031|Strong=3807a 5 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_13:21!3|MId=o020130210032|Strong=6440 6 הֶ֨ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_13:21!3|MId=o020130210033|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7 יוֹמָ֜ם יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=EXO_13:21!4|MId=o020130210041|Strong=3119 8-9 בְּעַמּ֤וּד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_13:21!5|MId=o020130210051|Strong=0871a 9 עַמּ֤וּד עַמּוּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=a.pillar|Ref=EXO_13:21!5|MId=o020130210052|Strong=5982 10 עָנָן֙ עָנָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.cloud|Ref=EXO_13:21!6|MId=o020130210061|Strong=6051 11-13 לַנְחֹתָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:21!7|MId=o020130210071|Strong=3807a 12 נְחֹת נָחָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 3 advcl _ Gloss=guide|Ref=EXO_13:21!7|MId=o020130210072|Strong=5148|Frame=AA:020130210012;A0:020130210073;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_13:21!7|MId=o020130210073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_13:21!8|MId=o020130210081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 דֶּ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=journey|Ref=EXO_13:21!8|MId=o020130210082|Strong=1870 16-17 וְלַ֛יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:21!9|MId=o020130210091|Strong=2050b 17 לַ֛יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=night|Ref=EXO_13:21!9|MId=o020130210092|Strong=3915 18-19 בְּעַמּ֥וּד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_13:21!10|MId=o020130210101|Strong=0871a 19 עַמּ֥וּד עַמּוּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=a.pillar|Ref=EXO_13:21!10|MId=o020130210102|Strong=5982 20 אֵ֖שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fire|Ref=EXO_13:21!11|MId=o020130210111|Strong=0784 21-22 לְהָאִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:21!12|MId=o020130210121|Strong=3807a 22 הָאִ֣יר אוֹר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 17 advcl _ Gloss=give.light|Ref=EXO_13:21!12|MId=o020130210122|Strong=0215|Frame=A0:020130210012;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-24 לָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:21!13|MId=o020130210131|Strong=3807a 24 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_13:21!13|MId=o020130210132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 לָלֶ֖כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_13:21!14|MId=o020130210141|Strong=3807a 26 לֶ֖כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=EXO_13:21!14|MId=o020130210142|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020130190111;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 יוֹמָ֥ם יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=EXO_13:21!15|MId=o020130210151|Strong=3119 28-29 וָלָֽיְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_13:21!16|MId=o020130210161|Strong=2050b 29 לָֽיְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=night|Ref=EXO_13:21!16|MId=o020130210162|Strong=3915 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EXO_13:21!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֹלֵךְ *\[was\] going* | participle active · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | נְחֹת *guide* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | הָאִיר *give light* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַיְיָ מְדַבַּר קָדָמֵיהוֹן בִּימָמָא בְּעַמוּדָא דַעֲנָנָא לְדַבָּרוּתְהוֹן בְּאוֹרְחָא וְלֵילְיָא בְּעַמוּדָא דְאֶשָׁתָא לְאַנְהָרָא לְהוֹן לְמֵיזַל בִּימָמָא וּבְלֵילְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.383/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:355`. - ← previous: [Exodus 13:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.20/) - next →: [Exodus 13:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.22/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/)