--- title: Exodus 14:10 — And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their e… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. Who acts: Pharaoh, children, Egyptians. Exodus 14:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:10 # Exodus 14:10 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Pharaoh, children, Egyptians · **What happens:** draw, lift up, march, be, cry out · **To what, where:** eyes This is Exodus 14:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Pharaoh, children, Egyptians — and what happens in the verse to eyes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ [And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.394/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:366 # text = וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = EXO.14.10 1-2 וּפַרְעֹ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:10!1|MId=o020140100011|Strong=2050b 2 פַרְעֹ֖ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_14:10!1|MId=o020140100012|Strong=6547 3 הִקְרִ֑יב קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.drew.near|Ref=EXO_14:10!2|MId=o020140100021|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:020140100012;|Type=qatal 4-5 וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:10!3|MId=o020140100031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּשְׂאוּ֩ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.lifted.up|Ref=EXO_14:10!3|MId=o020140100032|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:020140100041;A1:020140100071;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EXO_14:10!4|MId=o020140100041|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_14:10!5|MId=o020140100051|Strong=3478 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:10!6|MId=o020140100061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 5 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=EXO_14:10!7|MId=o020140100071|Strong=5869 10 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_14:10!7|MId=o020140100072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְהִנֵּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:10!8|MId=o020140100081|Strong=2050b 12 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 15 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=EXO_14:10!8|MId=o020140100082|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 13 מִצְרַ֣יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_14:10!9|MId=o020140100091|Strong=4714 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:10!9 15 נֹסֵ֣עַ נָסַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].marching|Ref=EXO_14:10!10|MId=o020140100101|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:020140100091;|Type=participle_active 16-17 אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אַחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=EXO_14:10!11|MId=o020140100111|Strong=0310 17 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_14:10!11|MId=o020140100112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:10!12|MId=o020140100121|Strong=2050b 19 יִּֽירְאוּ֙ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=EXO_14:10!12|MId=o020140100122|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:020140100041;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=EXO_14:10!13|MId=o020140100131|Strong=3966 21-22 וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:10!14|MId=o020140100141|Strong=2050b 22 יִּצְעֲק֥וּ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.cried.out|Ref=EXO_14:10!14|MId=o020140100142|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:020140100151;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EXO_14:10!15|MId=o020140100151|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_14:10!16|MId=o020140100161|Strong=3478 25 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_14:10!17|MId=o020140100171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 26 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:10!18|MId=o020140100181|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:10!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִקְרִיב *he drew near* | qatal · hiphil | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | | | | | יִּשְׂאוּ *they lifted up* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | עֵינֵי *eyes* | | | | נֹסֵעַ *\[was\] marching* | participle active · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | | יִּצְעֲקוּ *they cried out* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּפַרְעֹה קְרֵיב וּזְקָפוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יָת עֵינֵיהוֹן וְהָא מִצְרָאֵי נַטְלִין בַּתְרֵיהוֹן וּדְחִילוּ לַחֲדָא וּזְעִיקוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.394/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:366`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.9/) - next →: [Exodus 14:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.11/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)