--- title: Exodus 14:2 — 'Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon, over against it shall ye encamp by the sea. Who acts: you, children, ye. Exodus 14:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:2 # Exodus 14:2 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** you, children, ye · **What happens:** speak, turn back, encamp · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 14:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, children, ye — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ וְיַחֲנוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת בֵּ֥ין מִגְדֹּ֖ל וּבֵ֣ין הַיָּ֑ם לִפְנֵי֙ בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן נִכְח֥וֹ תַחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַיָּֽם׃ ['Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon, over against it shall ye encamp by the sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.386/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:358 # text = דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ וְיַחֲנוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת בֵּ֥ין מִגְדֹּ֖ל וּבֵ֣ין הַיָּ֑ם לִפְנֵי֙ בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן נִכְח֥וֹ תַחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַיָּֽם׃ # verse = EXO.14.2 1 דַּבֵּר֮ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=speak|Ref=EXO_14:2!1|MId=o020140020011|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:020140010041;|Type=imperative 2 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_14:2!2|MId=o020140020021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 3 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EXO_14:2!3|MId=o020140020031|Strong=1121 4 יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_14:2!4|MId=o020140020041|Strong=3478 5-6 וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_14:2!5|MId=o020140020051|Strong=2050b 6 יָשֻׁ֗בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=that.they.may.turn.back|Ref=EXO_14:2!5|MId=o020140020052|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:020140020031;|Type=jussive 7-8 וְיַחֲנוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:2!6|MId=o020140020061|Strong=2050b 8 יַחֲנוּ֙ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=so.that.they.may.encamp|Ref=EXO_14:2!6|MId=o020140020062|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:020140020031;|Type=jussive 9-10 לִפְנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_14:2!7|MId=o020140020071|Strong=3807a 10 פְנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_14:2!7|MId=o020140020072|Strong=6440 11 פִּ֣י פִּי PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Pi-hahiroth|Ref=EXO_14:2!8|MId=o020140020081 12 הַחִירֹ֔ת הַחִירֹות PROPN _ _ 11 flat:name _ Ref=EXO_14:2!8 13 פִּ֣י פִּי PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Hahiroth|Ref=EXO_14:2!9|MId=o020140020091 14 הַחִירֹ֔ת הַחִירֹת PROPN _ _ 13 flat:name _ Ref=EXO_14:2!9 15 בֵּ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EXO_14:2!10|MId=o020140020101|Strong=0996 16 מִגְדֹּ֖ל מִגְדֹּל PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Migdol|Ref=EXO_14:2!11|MId=o020140020111|Strong=4024 17-18 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:2!12|MId=o020140020121|Strong=2050b 18 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EXO_14:2!12|MId=o020140020122|Strong=0996 19-20 הַיָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:2!13|MId=o020140020131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יָּ֑ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_14:2!13|MId=o020140020132|Strong=3220 21-22 לִפְנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_14:2!14|MId=o020140020141|Strong=3807a 22 פְנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_14:2!14|MId=o020140020142|Strong=6440 23 בַּ֣עַל בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Baal-Zephon|Ref=EXO_14:2!15|MId=o020140020151 24 צְפֹ֔ן צְפֹן PROPN _ _ 23 flat:name _ Ref=EXO_14:2!15 25 בַּ֣עַל בַּעַל PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Baal-Zephon|Ref=EXO_14:2!16|MId=o020140020161 26 צְפֹ֔ן צְפוֹן PROPN _ _ 25 flat:name _ Ref=EXO_14:2!16 27-28 נִכְח֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 נִכְח נֵכַח NOUN _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=opposite|Ref=EXO_14:2!17|MId=o020140020171|Strong=5227 28 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_14:2!17|MId=o020140020172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 תַחֲנ֖וּ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.encamp|Ref=EXO_14:2!18|MId=o020140020181|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:020140010041;020120500111;020140020031;|Type=yiqtol 30 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EXO_14:2!19|MId=o020140020191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 הַיָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:2!20|MId=o020140020201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 יָּֽם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_14:2!20|MId=o020140020202|Strong=3220 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:2!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דַּבֵּר *speak* | imperative · piel | | | | | | יָשֻׁבוּ *that they may turn back* | jussive · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | יַחֲנוּ *so that they may encamp* | jussive · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | תַחֲנוּ *you will encamp* | yiqtol · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} מַלֵיל עִם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיתוּבּוּן וְיִשְׁרוּן קֳדָם פּוּם חִירָתָא בֵּין מִגְדוֹל וּבֵין יַמָא קֳדָם בְּעֵיל צְפוֹן לְקִבְלֵהּ תִּשְׁרוּן עַל יַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal-zephon, over against it shall ye encamp by the sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.386/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:358`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.1/) - next →: [Exodus 14:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.3/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)