--- title: Exodus 14:21 — And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. Who acts: Moses, LORD, sea. Exodus 14:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:21 # Exodus 14:21 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, LORD, sea · **What happens:** stretch out, cause, go back, make, divide · **To what, where:** hand, sea, waters This is Exodus 14:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, LORD, sea — and what happens in the verse to hand, sea, waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָדוֹ֮ עַל־הַיָּם֒ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַ֠יָּם בְּר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים עַזָּה֙ כָּל־הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם לֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ [And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.406/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:377 # text = וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָדוֹ֮ עַל־הַיָּם֒ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַ֠יָּם בְּר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים עַזָּה֙ כָּל־הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם לֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַמָּֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.14.21 1-2 וַיֵּ֨ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:21!1|MId=o020140210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨ט נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.stretched.out|Ref=EXO_14:21!1|MId=o020140210012|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:020140210021;A1:020140210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁ֣ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_14:21!2|MId=o020140210021|Strong=4872 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:21!3|MId=o020140210031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 יָדוֹ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EXO_14:21!4|MId=o020140210041|Strong=3027 6 וֹ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_14:21!4|MId=o020140210042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_14:21!5|MId=o020140210051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַיָּם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:21!6|MId=o020140210061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יָּם֒ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_14:21!6|MId=o020140210062|Strong=3220 10-11 וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:21!7|MId=o020140210071|Strong=2050b 11 יּ֣וֹלֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.drove|Ref=EXO_14:21!7|MId=o020140210072|Strong=1980|Frame=AA:020140210081;A0:020140210102;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:21!8|MId=o020140210081|Strong=3068 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:21!8 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:21!9|MId=o020140210091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַ֠יָּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:21!10|MId=o020140210101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יָּם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_14:21!10|MId=o020140210102|Strong=3220 17-18 בְּר֨וּחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EXO_14:21!11|MId=o020140210111|Strong=0871a 18 ר֨וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=a.wind|Ref=EXO_14:21!11|MId=o020140210112|Strong=7307 19 קָדִ֤ים קָדִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=an.east.wind|Ref=EXO_14:21!12|MId=o020140210121|Strong=6921 20 עַזָּה֙ עַז ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 amod _ Gloss=strong|Ref=EXO_14:21!13|MId=o020140210131|Strong=5794|Type=adjective 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_14:21!14|MId=o020140210141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַלַּ֔יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:21!15|MId=o020140210151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 לַּ֔יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=night|Ref=EXO_14:21!15|MId=o020140210152|Strong=3915 24-25 וַיָּ֥שֶׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:21!16|MId=o020140210161|Strong=2050b 25 יָּ֥שֶׂם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=EXO_14:21!16|MId=o020140210162|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:020140210081;A1:020140210182;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:21!17|MId=o020140210171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הַיָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:21!18|MId=o020140210181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 יָּ֖ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_14:21!18|MId=o020140210182|Strong=3220 29-31 לֶחָרָבָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=into.(the)|Ref=EXO_14:21!19|MId=o020140210191|Strong=3807a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=dry|Ref=EXO_14:21!19|MId=o020140210191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 חָרָבָ֑ה חָרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=EXO_14:21!19|MId=o020140210192|Strong=2724 32-33 וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:21!20|MId=o020140210201|Strong=2050b 33 יִּבָּקְע֖וּ בָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.divided|Ref=EXO_14:21!20|MId=o020140210202|Strong=1234|Frame=A1:020140210212;|Type=wayyiqtol 34-35 הַמָּֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:21!21|MId=o020140210211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מָּֽיִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EXO_14:21!21|MId=o020140210212|Strong=4325 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:21!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּט *he stretched out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | יָד *hand* | | | | יּוֹלֶךְ *he drove* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יָּם *sea* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יָּשֶׂם *he made* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יָּם *sea* | | | | יִּבָּקְעוּ *they were divided* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מָּֽיִם *waters* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵים משֶׁה יָת יְדֵהּ עַל יַמָּא וְדַבַּר יְיָ יָת יַמָּא בְּרוּחַ קִדוּמָא תַקִיף כָּל לֵילְיָא וְשַׁוִי יָת יַמָּא לְיַבֶּשְׁתָּא וְאִתְבְּזָעוּ מַיָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.406/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:377`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.20/) - next →: [Exodus 14:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.22/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)