--- title: Exodus 14:25 — And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.' Who acts: LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us. Exodus 14:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:25 # Exodus 14:25 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us · **What happens:** take off, make, drive, say, let, flee · **To what, where:** chariot wheels, wheels, us, face · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 14:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us — and what happens in the verse to chariot wheels, wheels, us, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם [And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.410/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:381 # text = וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם # verse = EXO.14.25 1-2 וַיָּ֗סַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:25!1|MId=o020140250011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֗סַר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.turned.aside|Ref=EXO_14:25!1|MId=o020140250012|Strong=5493|Frame=AA:020140240051;A0:020140250031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֵ֚ת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:25!2|MId=o020140250021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 אֹפַ֣ן אוֹפָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.wheel[s]|Ref=EXO_14:25!3|MId=o020140250031|Strong=0212 5-6 מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔י מֶרְכָּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.chariots|Ref=EXO_14:25!4|MId=o020140250041|Strong=4818 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_14:25!4|MId=o020140250042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-9 וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:25!5|MId=o020140250051|Strong=2050b 8 יְנַהֲג נָהַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_14:25!5|MId=o020140250052|Strong=5090|Frame=A0:020140240051;A1:020140250053;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=caused.it.to.drive|Ref=EXO_14:25!5|MId=o020140250053|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 10-11 בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_14:25!6|MId=o020140250061|Strong=0871a 11 כְבֵדֻ֑ת כְּבֵדֻת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=difficulty|Ref=EXO_14:25!6|MId=o020140250062|Strong=3517 12-13 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:25!7|MId=o020140250071|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.said|Ref=EXO_14:25!7|MId=o020140250072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020140250081;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 מִצְרַ֗יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_14:25!8|MId=o020140250081|Strong=4714 15 אָנ֙וּסָה֙ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 ccomp _ Gloss=let.me.flee|Ref=EXO_14:25!9|MId=o020140250091|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:020140250081;|Type=cohortative 16-17 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_14:25!10|MId=o020140250101|Strong=4480 17 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_14:25!10|MId=o020140250102|Strong=6440 18 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EXO_14:25!11|MId=o020140250111|Strong=3478 19 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_14:25!12|MId=o020140250121|Strong=3588 20 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:25!13|MId=o020140250131|Strong=3068 21 נִלְחָ֥ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 15 advcl _ Gloss=[is].fighting|Ref=EXO_14:25!14|MId=o020140250141|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:020140250131;|Type=participle_active 22-23 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ל לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_14:25!15|MId=o020140250151|Strong=3807a 23 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_14:25!15|MId=o020140250152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 בְּמִצְרָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=EXO_14:25!16|MId=o020140250161|Strong=0871a 25 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_14:25!16|MId=o020140250162|Strong=4714 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּסַר *he turned aside* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֹפַן *the wheel\[s\]* | | | | | יְנַהֲג *he* | wayyiqtol · piel | | ֵהוּ *caused it to drive* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *it said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | אָנוּסָה *let me flee* | cohortative · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | נִלְחָם *\[is\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאַעְדִי יָת גַלְגַלֵי רְתִכּוֹהִי וּמְדַבְּרִין לְהוֹן בִּתְקוֹף וַאֲמַר מִצְרָאֵי נֵעִירוֹק מִן קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי דָא הִיא גְבֻרְתָּא דַיְיָ דַעֲבֵד לְהוֹן קְרָבִין בְּמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.410/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:381`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.24/) - next →: [Exodus 14:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.26/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)