--- title: Exodus 14:31 — And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in His servant Moses. Who acts: Israel, LORD, people. Exodus 14:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:31 # Exodus 14:31 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Israel, LORD, people · **What happens:** see, do, fear, believe · **To what, where:** great work, LORD This is Exodus 14:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Israel, LORD, people — and what happens in the verse to great work, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ׃פ [And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in His servant Moses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.416/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:387 # text = וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ׃פ # verse = EXO.14.31 1-2 וַיַּ֨רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:31!1|MId=o020140310011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.saw|Ref=EXO_14:31!1|MId=o020140310012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020140310021;A1:020140310042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EXO_14:31!2|MId=o020140310021|Strong=3478 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:31!3|MId=o020140310031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַיָּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:31!4|MId=o020140310041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 יָּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EXO_14:31!4|MId=o020140310042|Strong=3027 7-8 הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_14:31!5|MId=o020140310051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 גְּדֹלָ֗ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=EXO_14:31!5|MId=o020140310052|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 9 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_14:31!6|MId=o020140310061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 עָשָׂ֤ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=EXO_14:31!7|MId=o020140310071|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020140310081;A1:020140310042;|Type=qatal 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:31!8|MId=o020140310081|Strong=3068 12-13 בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_14:31!9|MId=o020140310091|Strong=0871a 13 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_14:31!9|MId=o020140310092|Strong=4714 14-15 וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:31!10|MId=o020140310101|Strong=2050b 15 יִּֽירְא֥וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.feared|Ref=EXO_14:31!10|MId=o020140310102|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:020140310112;A1:020140310131;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:31!11|MId=o020140310111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_14:31!11|MId=o020140310112|Strong=5971 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:31!12|MId=o020140310121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:31!13|MId=o020140310131|Strong=3068 20-21 וַיַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:31!14|MId=o020140310141|Strong=2050b 21 יַּֽאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they.believed|Ref=EXO_14:31!14|MId=o020140310142|Strong=0539|Frame=A0:020140310112;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 בַּֽיהוָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_14:31!15|MId=o020140310151|Strong=0871a 23 יהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_14:31!15|MId=o020140310152|Strong=3068 24-26 וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:31!16|MId=o020140310161|Strong=2050b 25 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_14:31!16|MId=o020140310162|Strong=0871a 26 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_14:31!16|MId=o020140310163|Strong=4872 27-28 עַבְדּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=EXO_14:31!17|MId=o020140310171|Strong=5650 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_14:31!17|MId=o020140310172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:31!17|SpaceAfter=No 30 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:31!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *it saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | יָּד *hand* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | יָּד *hand* | | | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they feared* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | יַּֽאֲמִינוּ *they believed* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא יִשְׂרָאֵל יָת גְבוּרְתָּא יְדָא רַבְּתָא דִי עֲבַד יְיָ בְּמִצְרַיִם וּדְחִילוּ עַמָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ וְהֵמִינוּ בְּמֵימְרָא דַיְיָ וּבִנְבִיאוּת משֶׁה עַבְדֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Israel saw the great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in His servant Moses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.416/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:387`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.30/) - next →: [Exodus 15:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.1/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)