--- title: Exodus 14:5 — And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us? Who acts: people, we, Israel. Exodus 14:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / 14:5 # Exodus 14:5 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** people, we, Israel · **What happens:** tell, flee, turn, say, be, do · **To what, where:** honour, king, people, heart, this, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 14:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, we, Israel — and what happens in the verse to honour, king, people, heart, this, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ׃ [And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.389/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:361 # text = וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ׃ # verse = EXO.14.5 1-2 וַיֻּגַּד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:5!1|MId=o020140050011|Strong=2050b 2 יֻּגַּד֙ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=EXO_14:5!1|MId=o020140050012|Strong=5046|Frame=A1:020140050051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְמֶ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_14:5!2|MId=o020140050021|Strong=3807a 4 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EXO_14:5!2|MId=o020140050022|Strong=4428 5 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_14:5!3|MId=o020140050031|Strong=4714 6 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=EXO_14:5!4|MId=o020140050041|Strong=3588 7 בָרַ֖ח בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 nsubj _ Gloss=it.had.fled|Ref=EXO_14:5!5|MId=o020140050051|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:020140050062;|Type=qatal 8-9 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:5!6|MId=o020140050061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_14:5!6|MId=o020140050062|Strong=5971 10-11 וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:5!7|MId=o020140050071|Strong=2050b 11 יֵּהָפֵךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.changed|Ref=EXO_14:5!7|MId=o020140050072|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:020140050081;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 לְבַ֨ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=EXO_14:5!8|MId=o020140050081|Strong=3824 13 פַּרְעֹ֤ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_14:5!9|MId=o020140050091|Strong=6547 14-16 וַעֲבָדָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:5!10|MId=o020140050101|Strong=2050b 15 עֲבָדָי עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=EXO_14:5!10|MId=o020140050102|Strong=5650 16 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_14:5!10|MId=o020140050103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_14:5!11|MId=o020140050111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_14:5!12|MId=o020140050121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_14:5!12|MId=o020140050122|Strong=5971 20-21 וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_14:5!13|MId=o020140050131|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּֽאמרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=EXO_14:5!13|MId=o020140050132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020140050091;020140050102;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 21 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=EXO_14:5!14|MId=o020140050141|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 23 זֹּ֣את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=EXO_14:5!15|MId=o020140050151|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 24 עָשִׂ֔ינוּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 23 acl _ Gloss=have.we.done|Ref=EXO_14:5!16|MId=o020140050161|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020140050091;020140050102;A1:020140050151;|Type=qatal 25 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=EXO_14:5!17|MId=o020140050171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 26 שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=1 22 advcl _ Gloss=we.have.let.go|Ref=EXO_14:5!18|MId=o020140050181|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020140050091;020140050102;A1:020140050201;|Type=qatal 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_14:5!19|MId=o020140050191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 26 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EXO_14:5!20|MId=o020140050201|Strong=3478 29-31 מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_14:5!21|MId=o020140050211|Strong=4480 30 עָבְד עָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=serving|Ref=EXO_14:5!21|MId=o020140050212|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:020140050201;A1:020140050213;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 ֵֽנוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=EXO_14:5!21|MId=o020140050213|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=EXO_14:5!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֻּגַּד *it was told* | wayyiqtol · hophal | | בָרַח *it had fled* | | | | בָרַח *it had fled* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יֵּהָפֵךְ *it was changed* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | לְבַב *the heart* | | | | יֹּֽאמרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | פַּרְעֹה *of Pharaoh* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | | | | | עָשִׂינוּ *have we done* | qatal · qal | פַּרְעֹה *of Pharaoh* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | זֹּאת *this* | | | | שִׁלַּחְנוּ *we have let go* | qatal · piel | פַּרְעֹה *of Pharaoh* + עֲבָדָי *servants* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | עָבְד *serving* | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | ֵֽנוּ *us* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאִתְחַוָא לְמַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם אֲרֵי אֲזַל עַמָא וְאִתְהֲפִיךְ לִבָּא דְפַרְעֹה וְעַבְדוֹהִי לְעַמָא וַאֲמָרוּ מָא דָא עֲבַדְנָא אֲרֵי שַׁלַחְנָא יָת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִפָּלְחָנָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.389/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:361`. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.4/) - next →: [Exodus 14:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.6/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/)