--- title: Exodus 15:25 — And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD showed him a tree, and he c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD showed him a tree, and he cast it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There He made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there He proved them; Who acts: name, LORD. Exodus 15:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/15/) / 15:25 # Exodus 15:25 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** name, LORD · **What happens:** cry, show, cast, make, prove · **To what, where:** tree, name, waters, statute This is Exodus 15:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — name, LORD — and what happens in the verse to tree, name, waters, statute, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּצְעַ֣ק אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיּוֹרֵ֤הוּ יְהוָה֙ עֵ֔ץ וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם שָׁ֣ם שָׂ֥ם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְשָׁ֥ם נִסָּֽהוּ׃ [And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD showed him a tree, and he cast it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.442/) [There He made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there He proved them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.443/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:412 # text = וַיִּצְעַ֣ק אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיּוֹרֵ֤הוּ יְהוָה֙ עֵ֔ץ וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם שָׁ֣ם שָׂ֥ם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְשָׁ֥ם נִסָּֽהוּ׃ # verse = EXO.15.25 1-2 וַיִּצְעַ֣ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!1|MId=o020150250011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּצְעַ֣ק צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.cried.out|Ref=EXO_15:25!1|MId=o020150250012|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:020150240041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_15:25!2|MId=o020150250021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_15:25!3|MId=o020150250031|Strong=3068 5-7 וַיּוֹרֵ֤הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!4|MId=o020150250041|Strong=2050b 6 יּוֹר יָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_15:25!4|MId=o020150250042|Strong=3384b|Frame=A0:020150250043;AA:020150250051;A1:020150250061;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 ֵ֤הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=showed.him|Ref=EXO_15:25!4|MId=o020150250043|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 8 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_15:25!5|MId=o020150250051|Strong=3068 9 עֵ֔ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 xcomp _ Gloss=a.tree|Ref=EXO_15:25!6|MId=o020150250061|Strong=6086 10-11 וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!7|MId=o020150250071|Strong=2050b 11 יַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.threw.[it]|Ref=EXO_15:25!7|MId=o020150250072|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:020150240041;A0:020150250061;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=EXO_15:25!8|MId=o020150250081|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַמַּ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_15:25!9|MId=o020150250091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מַּ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EXO_15:25!9|MId=o020150250092|Strong=4325 15-16 וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!10|MId=o020150250101|Strong=2050b 16 יִּמְתְּק֖וּ מָתֹק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.became.sweet|Ref=EXO_15:25!10|MId=o020150250102|Strong=4985|Frame=A0:020150250112;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 הַמָּ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_15:25!11|MId=o020150250111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מָּ֑יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EXO_15:25!11|MId=o020150250112|Strong=4325 19 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EXO_15:25!12|MId=o020150250121|Strong=8033 20 שָׂ֥ם שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=EXO_15:25!13|MId=o020150250131|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:020150250051;A1:020150250151;020150250162;|Type=qatal 21-22 ל֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_15:25!14|MId=o020150250141|Strong=3807a 22 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_15:25!14|MId=o020150250142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 חֹ֥ק חֹק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=a.decree|Ref=EXO_15:25!15|MId=o020150250151|Strong=2706 24-25 וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!16|MId=o020150250161|Strong=2050b 25 מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=a.custom|Ref=EXO_15:25!16|MId=o020150250162|Strong=4941 26-27 וְשָׁ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_15:25!17|MId=o020150250171|Strong=2050b 27 שָׁ֥ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EXO_15:25!17|MId=o020150250172|Strong=8033 28-29 נִסָּֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 נִסּ נָסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_15:25!18|MId=o020150250181|Strong=5254|Frame=A0:020150250051;A1:020150250182;|Type=qatal 29 ָֽהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=put.it.to.the.test|Ref=EXO_15:25!18|MId=o020150250182|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EXO_15:25!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּצְעַק *he cried out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יּוֹר *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *showed him* | עֵץ *a tree* | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יַּשְׁלֵךְ *he threw \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | עֵץ *a tree* | | | | | יִּמְתְּקוּ *they became sweet* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָּיִם *waters* | | | | | שָׂם *he made* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | חֹק *a decree* + מִשְׁפָּט *a custom* | | | | נִסּ *he* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָֽהוּ *put it to the test* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְצַלִי קֳדָם יְיָ וְאַלְפֵהּ יְיָ אָעָא וּרְמָא לְמַיָא וּבַסִימוּ מַיָא תַּמָן גְזַר לֵהּ קְיָם וְדִין וְתַמָן נַסְיֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD showed him a tree, and he cast it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.442/) 2. [There He made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there He proved them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.443/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:412`. - ← previous: [Exodus 15:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.24/) - next →: [Exodus 15:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.26/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/15/)