--- title: Exodus 16:4 — Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread f… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not. Who acts: LORD, I, people. Exodus 16:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/16/) / 16:4 # Exodus 16:4 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, I, people · **What happens:** say, cause, rain, go out, gather, prove · **To what, where:** bread, heaven, portion, people, law · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, people — and what happens in the verse to bread, heaven, portion, people, law, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃ [Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.449/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:418 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃ # verse = EXO.16.4 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_16:4!1|MId=o020160040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_16:4!1|MId=o020160040012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020160040021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_16:4!2|MId=o020160040021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_16:4!3|MId=o020160040031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_16:4!4|MId=o020160040041|Strong=4872 6-7 הִנְנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=EXO_16:4!5|MId=o020160040051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 7 ְנִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_16:4!5|MId=o020160040052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 מַמְטִ֥יר מָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about.to.rain.down|Ref=EXO_16:4!6|MId=o020160040061|Strong=4305|Frame=AA:020160040052;A0:020160040081;|Type=participle_active 9-10 לָכֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ל לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_16:4!7|MId=o020160040071|Strong=3807a 10 ָכֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_16:4!7|MId=o020160040072|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11 לֶ֖חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=bread|Ref=EXO_16:4!8|MId=o020160040081|Strong=3899 12 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_16:4!9|MId=o020160040091|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_16:4!10|MId=o020160040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שָּׁמָ֑יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=EXO_16:4!10|MId=o020160040102|Strong=8064 15-16 וְיָצָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_16:4!11|MId=o020160040111|Strong=2050b 16 יָצָ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.will.go.out|Ref=EXO_16:4!11|MId=o020160040112|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:020160040122;|Type=weqatal 17-18 הָעָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_16:4!12|MId=o020160040121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עָ֤ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_16:4!12|MId=o020160040122|Strong=5971 19-20 וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_16:4!13|MId=o020160040131|Strong=2050b 20 לָֽקְטוּ֙ לָקַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=they.will.gather|Ref=EXO_16:4!13|MId=o020160040132|Strong=3950|Frame=A0:020160040122;A1:020160040141;|Type=weqatal 21 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=a.matter|Ref=EXO_16:4!14|MId=o020160040141|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 22 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.day|Ref=EXO_16:4!15|MId=o020160040151|Strong=3117 23-25 בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_16:4!16|MId=o020160040161|Strong=0871a 24 יוֹמ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=EXO_16:4!16|MId=o020160040162|Strong=3117 25 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EXO_16:4!16|MId=o020160040163|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 לְמַ֧עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=EXO_16:4!17|MId=o020160040171|Strong=4616 27-28 אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֲנַסּ נָסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_16:4!18|MId=o020160040181|Strong=5254|Frame=A0:020160040021;A1:020160040182;|Type=yiqtol 28 ֶ֛נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=may.put.it.to.the.test|Ref=EXO_16:4!18|MId=o020160040182|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 29-30 הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=will|Ref=EXO_16:4!19|MId=o020160040191|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 30 יֵלֵ֥ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 parataxis _ Gloss=it.walk?|Ref=EXO_16:4!19|MId=o020160040192|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020160040122;|Type=yiqtol 31-33 בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_16:4!20|MId=o020160040201|Strong=0871a 32 תוֹרָת תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=law|Ref=EXO_16:4!20|MId=o020160040202|Strong=8451 33 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_16:4!20|MId=o020160040203|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=EXO_16:4!21|MId=o020160040211|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 35 לֹֽא לֹא ADV _ _ 27 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_16:4!22|MId=o020160040221|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EXO_16:4!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | מַמְטִיר *\[am\] about to rain down* | participle active · hiphil | לֶחֶם *bread* | | | ְנִי *I* | | יָצָא *it will go out* | weqatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | לָֽקְטוּ *they will gather* | weqatal · qal | עָם *people* | דְּבַר־ *a matter* | | | | **not** אֲנַסּ *I* | yiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֶנּוּ *may put it to the test* | | | | יֵלֵךְ *it walk?* | yiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה הָא אֲנָא מָחֵית לְכוֹן לַחְמָא מִן שְׁמַיָא וְיִפְקוּן עַמָא וְיִלְקְטוּן פִּתְגַם יוֹם בְּיוֹמֵהּ בְּדִיל דַאֲנַסִנוּן הַיְהָכוּן בְּאוֹרַיְתִי אִם לָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.449/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:418`. - ← previous: [Exodus 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.3/) - next →: [Exodus 16:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.5/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/16/)