--- title: Exodus 18:1 — Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel His people, how that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt. Who acts: Jethro, God, LORD. Exodus 18:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:1 # Exodus 18:1 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Jethro, God, LORD · **What happens:** hear, do, bring · **To what, where:** Israel, Egypt · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 18:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jethro, God, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Israel, Egypt, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוֹצִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ [Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel His people, how that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.501/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:467 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוֹצִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.18.1 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:1!1|MId=o020180010011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֞ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=EXO_18:1!1|MId=o020180010012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:020180010021;A1:020180010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יִתְר֨וֹ יִתְרוֹ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jethro|Ref=EXO_18:1!2|MId=o020180010021|Strong=3503 4 כֹהֵ֤ן כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.priest|Ref=EXO_18:1!3|MId=o020180010031|Strong=3548 5 מִדְיָן֙ מִדְיָן PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Midian|Ref=EXO_18:1!4|MId=o020180010041|Strong=4080 6 חֹתֵ֣ן חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.father-in-law|Ref=EXO_18:1!5|MId=o020180010051|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 7 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moses|Ref=EXO_18:1!6|MId=o020180010061|Strong=4872 8 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:1!7|MId=o020180010071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 9 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:1!8|MId=o020180010081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_18:1!9|MId=o020180010091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 11 עָשָׂ֤ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=EXO_18:1!10|MId=o020180010101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020180010111;A1:020180010081;|Type=qatal 12 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_18:1!11|MId=o020180010111|Strong=0430 13-14 לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_18:1!12|MId=o020180010121|Strong=3807a 14 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_18:1!12|MId=o020180010122|Strong=4872 15-17 וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:1!13|MId=o020180010131|Strong=2050b 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_18:1!13|MId=o020180010132|Strong=3807a 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 14 conj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EXO_18:1!13|MId=o020180010133|Strong=3478 18-19 עַמּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:1!14|MId=o020180010141|Strong=5971 19 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_18:1!14|MId=o020180010142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=EXO_18:1!15|MId=o020180010151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 21 הוֹצִ֧יא יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.brought.out|Ref=EXO_18:1!16|MId=o020180010161|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:020180010171;A0:020180010191;|Type=qatal 22 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_18:1!17|MId=o020180010171|Strong=3068 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:1!18|MId=o020180010181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 21 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EXO_18:1!19|MId=o020180010191|Strong=3478 25-26 מִמִּצְרָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_18:1!20|MId=o020180010201|Strong=4480 26 מִּצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_18:1!20|MId=o020180010202|Strong=4714 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִתְרוֹ *Jethro* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | הוֹצִיא *he had brought out* | qatal · hiphil | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ רַבָּא דְמִדְיָן חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה יַת כָּל דִי עֲבַד יְיָ לְמשֶׁה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַמֵהּ אֲרֵי אַפִּיק יְיָ יָת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel His people, how that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.501/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:467`. - ← previous: [Exodus 17:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.17.16/) - next →: [Exodus 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.2/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)