--- title: Exodus 18:12 — And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrific… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God. Who acts: Jethro, Aaron. Exodus 18:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:12 # Exodus 18:12 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Jethro, Aaron · **What happens:** take, come, eat · **To what, where:** burnt offering, bread This is Exodus 18:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jethro, Aaron — and what happens in the verse to burnt offering, bread, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ [And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.512/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:478 # text = וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = EXO.18.12 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֞ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:12!1|MId=o020180120011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֞ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=EXO_18:12!1|MId=o020180120012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:020180120021;A1:020180120051;020180120062;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יִתְר֨וֹ יִתְרוֹ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jethro|Ref=EXO_18:12!2|MId=o020180120021|Strong=3503 4 חֹתֵ֥ן חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.father-in-law|Ref=EXO_18:12!3|MId=o020180120031|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 5 מֹשֶׁ֛ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moses|Ref=EXO_18:12!4|MId=o020180120041|Strong=4872 6 עֹלָ֥ה עֹלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.burnt.offering|Ref=EXO_18:12!5|MId=o020180120051|Strong=5930 7-8 וּזְבָחִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:12!6|MId=o020180120061|Strong=2050b 8 זְבָחִ֖ים זֶבַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=sacrifices|Ref=EXO_18:12!6|MId=o020180120062|Strong=2077 9-10 לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵֽ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:12!7|MId=o020180120071|Strong=3807a 10 אלֹהִ֑ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_18:12!7|MId=o020180120072|Strong=0430 11-12 וַיָּבֹ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:12!8|MId=o020180120081|Strong=2050b 12 יָּבֹ֨א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=EXO_18:12!8|MId=o020180120082|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020180120091;020180120111;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אַהֲרֹ֜ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=EXO_18:12!9|MId=o020180120091|Strong=0175 14-15 וְכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:12!10|MId=o020180120101|Strong=2050b 15 כֹ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:12!10|MId=o020180120102|Strong=3605 16 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:12!10 17 זִקְנֵ֣י זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=EXO_18:12!11|MId=o020180120111|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 18 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_18:12!12|MId=o020180120121|Strong=3478 19-20 לֶאֱכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:12!13|MId=o020180120131|Strong=3807a 20 אֱכָל־ אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=EXO_18:12!13|MId=o020180120132|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:020180120091;020180120111;A1:020180120141;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 לֶ֛חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=EXO_18:12!14|MId=o020180120141|Strong=3899 22 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_18:12!15|MId=o020180120151|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 23 חֹתֵ֥ן חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.father-in-law|Ref=EXO_18:12!16|MId=o020180120161|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 24 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moses|Ref=EXO_18:12!17|MId=o020180120171|Strong=4872 25-26 לִפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_18:12!18|MId=o020180120181|Strong=3807a 26 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_18:12!18|MId=o020180120182|Strong=6440 27-28 הָאֱלֹהִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:12!19|MId=o020180120191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֱלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_18:12!19|MId=o020180120192|Strong=0430 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:12!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִתְרוֹ *Jethro* | עֹלָה *a burnt offering* + זְבָחִים *sacrifices* | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + זִקְנֵי *the elders* | | | | | אֱכָל־ *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + זִקְנֵי *the elders* | לֶחֶם *food* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְקָרִיב יִתְרוֹ חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה עֲלָוָן וְנִכְסַת קוּדְשִׁין קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲתָא אַהֲרֹן וְכֹל סָבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵיכַל לַחְמָא עִם חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.512/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:478`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.11/) - next →: [Exodus 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.13/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)