--- title: Exodus 18:14 — And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?' Who acts: father, thou, people. Exodus 18:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:14 # Exodus 18:14 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** father, thou, people · **What happens:** see, do, say, be, sit, stand · **To what, where:** all, thing, thyself · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 18:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — father, thou, people — and what happens in the verse to all, thing, thyself, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב׃ [And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.514/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:480 # text = וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב׃ # verse = EXO.18.14 1-2 וַיַּרְא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:14!1|MId=o020180140011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּרְא֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=EXO_18:14!1|MId=o020180140012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020180140021;A1:020180140051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 חֹתֵ֣ן חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.father-in-law|Ref=EXO_18:14!2|MId=o020180140021|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 4 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moses|Ref=EXO_18:14!3|MId=o020180140031|Strong=4872 5 אֵ֛ת אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:14!4|MId=o020180140041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:14!5|MId=o020180140051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_18:14!6|MId=o020180140061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 8 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_18:14!7|MId=o020180140071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 9 עֹשֶׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].doing|Ref=EXO_18:14!8|MId=o020180140081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020180140071;A1:020180140051;|Type=participle_active 10-12 לָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_18:14!9|MId=o020180140091|Strong=3807a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:14!9|MId=o020180140091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:14!9|MId=o020180140092|Strong=5971 13-14 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:14!10|MId=o020180140101|Strong=2050b 14 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_18:14!10|MId=o020180140102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020180140021;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 14 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=EXO_18:14!11|MId=o020180140111|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הַדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=EXO_18:14!12|MId=o020180140121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=EXO_18:14!12|MId=o020180140122|Strong=1697 18-19 הַזֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:14!13|MId=o020180140131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 זֶּה֙ זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 17 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=EXO_18:14!13|MId=o020180140132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 20 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_18:14!14|MId=o020180140141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 אַתָּ֤ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_18:14!15|MId=o020180140151|Strong=0859|Type=personal 22 עֹשֶׂה֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].doing|Ref=EXO_18:14!16|MId=o020180140161|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020180140151;A1:020180140122;|Type=participle_active 23-25 לָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_18:14!17|MId=o020180140171|Strong=3807a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:14!17|MId=o020180140171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:14!17|MId=o020180140172|Strong=5971 26 מַדּ֗וּעַ מַדּוּעַ ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=why?|Ref=EXO_18:14!18|MId=o020180140181|Strong=4069|Type=interrogative 27 אַתָּ֤ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=EXO_18:14!19|MId=o020180140191|Strong=0859|Type=personal 28 יוֹשֵׁב֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 parataxis _ Gloss=sitting|Ref=EXO_18:14!20|MId=o020180140201|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:020180140191;|Type=participle_active 29-31 לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_18:14!21|MId=o020180140211|Strong=3807a 30 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_18:14!21|MId=o020180140212|Strong=0905 31 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=EXO_18:14!21|MId=o020180140213|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32-33 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:14!22|MId=o020180140221|Strong=2050b 33 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:14!22|MId=o020180140222|Strong=3605 34-35 הָעָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:14!23|MId=o020180140231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עָ֛ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:14!23|MId=o020180140232|Strong=5971 36 נִצָּ֥ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=[is].standing|Ref=EXO_18:14!24|MId=o020180140241|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:020180140232;|Type=participle_active 37-38 עָלֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 עָלֶ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EXO_18:14!25|MId=o020180140251|Strong=5921 38 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_18:14!25|MId=o020180140252|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 39 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_18:14!26|MId=o020180140261|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 40 בֹּ֥קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=EXO_18:14!27|MId=o020180140271|Strong=1242 41 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=EXO_18:14!28|MId=o020180140281|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 42 עָֽרֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 conj _ Gloss=evening|Ref=EXO_18:14!29|MId=o020180140291|Strong=6153|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:14!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹתֵן *the father-in-law* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | עֹשֶׂה *\[was\] doing* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | חֹתֵן *the father-in-law* | | | | | עֹשֶׂה *\[are\] doing* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | דָּבָר *thing* | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *sitting* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *\[are\] you* | | | | | נִצָּב *\[is\] standing* | participle active · niphal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזָא חֲמוּהִי דְמשֶׁה יָת כָּל דִי הוּא עָבֵד לְעַמָא וַאֲמַר מָא פִתְגָמָא הָדֵין דִי אַתְּ עָבֵד לְּעַמָא מָה דֵין אַתְּ יָתֵב בִּלְחוֹדָךְ וְכָל עַמָא קָיְמִין עִלָוָךְ מִן צַפְרָא עַד רַמְשָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.514/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:480`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.13/) - next →: [Exodus 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.15/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)