--- title: Exodus 18:16 — when they have a matter, it cometh unto me; and I judge between a ma… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: when they have a matter, it cometh unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and I make them know the statutes of God, and His laws.' Who acts: people, matter, I. Exodus 18:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:16 # Exodus 18:16 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** people, matter, I · **What happens:** have, come, judge, make, know · **To what, where:** matter, people, statutes This is Exodus 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, matter, I — and what happens in the verse to matter, people, statutes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֣ין רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃ [when they have a matter, it cometh unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and I make them know the statutes of God, and His laws.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.516/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:482 # text = כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֣ין רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃ # verse = EXO.18.16 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_18:16!1|MId=o020180160011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 יִהְיֶ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.belong|Ref=EXO_18:16!2|MId=o020180160021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020180160041;|Type=yiqtol 3-4 לָהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:16!3|MId=o020180160031|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_18:16!3|MId=o020180160032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 דָּבָר֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.matter|Ref=EXO_18:16!4|MId=o020180160041|Strong=1697 6 בָּ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[it.is].coming|Ref=EXO_18:16!5|MId=o020180160051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020180150072;|Type=qatal 7-8 אֵלַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:16!6|MId=o020180160061|Strong=0413 8 ַ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=EXO_18:16!6|MId=o020180160062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:16!7|MId=o020180160071|Strong=2050b 10 שָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.judge|Ref=EXO_18:16!7|MId=o020180160072|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:020180150021;|Type=weqatal 11 בֵּ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EXO_18:16!8|MId=o020180160081|Strong=0996 12 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=EXO_18:16!9|MId=o020180160091|Strong=0376 13-14 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:16!10|MId=o020180160101|Strong=2050b 14 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EXO_18:16!10|MId=o020180160102|Strong=0996 15-16 רֵעֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=EXO_18:16!11|MId=o020180160111|Strong=7453 16 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_18:16!11|MId=o020180160112|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:16!12|MId=o020180160121|Strong=2050b 18 הוֹדַעְתִּ֛י יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.make.known|Ref=EXO_18:16!12|MId=o020180160122|Strong=3045|Frame=AA:020180150021;A0:020180160141;020180160171;|Type=weqatal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:16!13|MId=o020180160131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 חֻקֵּ֥י חֹק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=the.statutes|Ref=EXO_18:16!14|MId=o020180160141|Strong=2706 21-22 הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=EXO_18:16!15|MId=o020180160151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_18:16!15|MId=o020180160152|Strong=0430 23-24 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:16!16|MId=o020180160161|Strong=2050b 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:16!16|MId=o020180160162|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 25-26 תּוֹרֹתָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 תּוֹרֹתָֽי תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=laws|Ref=EXO_18:16!17|MId=o020180160171|Strong=8451 26 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_18:16!17|MId=o020180160172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִהְיֶה *it will belong* | yiqtol · qal | דָּבָר *a matter* | | | | | בָּא *\[it is\] coming* | qatal · qal | | | | | | שָׁפַטְתִּי *I judge* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הוֹדַעְתִּי *I make known* | weqatal · hiphil | חֻקֵּי *the statutes* + תּוֹרֹתָֽי *laws* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} כַּד הֲוֵי לְהוֹן דִינָא אָתָן לְוָתִי וְדָאִינְנָא בֵּין גַבְרָא וּבֵין חַבְרֵהּ וּמְהוֹדַעְנָא לְהוֹן יָת קְיָמַיָא דַיְיָ וְיָת אוֹרָיָתֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [when they have a matter, it cometh unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and I make them know the statutes of God, and His laws.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.516/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:482`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.15/) - next →: [Exodus 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.17/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)