--- title: Exodus 18:22 — And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee. Who acts: you, man, people. Exodus 18:22 in Hebrew with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:22 # Exodus 18:22 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** you, man, people · **What happens:** let, judge, bring, make, bear · **To what, where:** man, people, great matter, small matter, such, burden This is Exodus 18:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, man, people — and what happens in the verse to man, people, great matter, small matter, such, burden, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃ [And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.522/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:488 # text = וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃ # verse = EXO.18.22 1-2 וְשָׁפְט֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:22!1|MId=o020180220011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁפְט֣וּ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.judge|Ref=EXO_18:22!1|MId=o020180220012|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:020180210051;A1:020180220032;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:22!2|MId=o020180220021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:22!3|MId=o020180220031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָם֮ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:22!3|MId=o020180220032|Strong=5971 6-7 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EXO_18:22!4|MId=o020180220041|Strong=0871a 7 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_18:22!4|MId=o020180220042|Strong=3605 8 עֵת֒ עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=time|Ref=EXO_18:22!5|MId=o020180220051|Strong=6256 9-10 וְהָיָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:22!6|MId=o020180220061|Strong=2050b 10 הָיָ֞ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=EXO_18:22!6|MId=o020180220062|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_18:22!7|MId=o020180220071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:22!8|MId=o020180220081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_18:22!8|MId=o020180220082|Strong=1697 14-15 הַגָּדֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:22!9|MId=o020180220091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 גָּדֹל֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=EXO_18:22!9|MId=o020180220092|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 16 יָבִ֣יאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.bring|Ref=EXO_18:22!10|MId=o020180220101|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:020180210051;A0:020180220082;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 אֵלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵלֶ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:22!11|MId=o020180220111|Strong=0413 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_18:22!11|MId=o020180220112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:22!12|MId=o020180220121|Strong=2050b 20 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_18:22!12|MId=o020180220122|Strong=3605 21-22 הַדָּבָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:22!13|MId=o020180220131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 דָּבָ֥ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_18:22!13|MId=o020180220132|Strong=1697 23-24 הַקָּטֹ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:22!14|MId=o020180220141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 קָּטֹ֖ן קָטֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 amod _ Gloss=small|Ref=EXO_18:22!14|MId=o020180220142|Strong=6996a|Type=adjective 25 יִשְׁפְּטוּ־ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.judge|Ref=EXO_18:22!15|MId=o020180220151|Strong=8199|Frame=A1:020180220132;A0:020180220161;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 26 הֵ֑ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EXO_18:22!16|MId=o020180220161|Strong=1992|Type=personal 27-28 וְהָקֵל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:22!17|MId=o020180220171|Strong=2050b 28 הָקֵל֙ קָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=lighten|Ref=EXO_18:22!17|MId=o020180220172|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:020180170031;|Type=imperative 29-31 מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_18:22!18|MId=o020180220181|Strong=4480 30 עָלֶ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_18:22!18|MId=o020180220182|Strong=5921 31 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=EXO_18:22!18|MId=o020180220183|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 32-33 וְנָשְׂא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:22!19|MId=o020180220191|Strong=2050b 33 נָשְׂא֖וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.bear|Ref=EXO_18:22!19|MId=o020180220192|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:020180210051;|Type=weqatal 34-35 אִתָּֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_18:22!20|MId=o020180220201|Strong=0854 35 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_18:22!20|MId=o020180220202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:22!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפְטוּ *they will judge* | weqatal · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | יָבִיאוּ *they will bring* | yiqtol · hiphil | דָּבָר *matter* | | | | | יִשְׁפְּטוּ־ *they will judge* | yiqtol · qal | הֵם *they* | דָּבָר *matter* | | | | הָקֵל *lighten* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | | נָשְׂאוּ *they will bear* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִידוּנוּן יָת עַמָא בְּכָל עִדַן וִיהֵי כָּל פִּתְגַם רַב יַיְתוּן לְוָתָךְ וְכָל פִּתְגַם זְעֵיר יְדוּנוּן אִנוּן וְיִקְלוּן מִנָךְ וִיסוֹבְרוּן עִמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.522/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:488`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.21/) - next →: [Exodus 18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.23/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)