--- title: Exodus 18:26 — And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves. Who acts: people. Exodus 18:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:26 # Exodus 18:26 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** judge, bring · **To what, where:** people, hard causes, small matter This is Exodus 18:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to people, hard causes, small matter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַקָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ הֵֽם׃ [And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.526/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:492 # text = וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַקָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ הֵֽם׃ # verse = EXO.18.26 1-2 וְשָׁפְט֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:26!1|MId=o020180260011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁפְט֥וּ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.judged|Ref=EXO_18:26!1|MId=o020180260012|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:020180250031;A1:020180260032;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:26!2|MId=o020180260021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:26!3|MId=o020180260031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_18:26!3|MId=o020180260032|Strong=5971 6-7 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EXO_18:26!4|MId=o020180260041|Strong=0871a 7 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_18:26!4|MId=o020180260042|Strong=3605 8 עֵ֑ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=time|Ref=EXO_18:26!5|MId=o020180260051|Strong=6256 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:26!6|MId=o020180260061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:26!7|MId=o020180260071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_18:26!7|MId=o020180260072|Strong=1697 12-13 הַקָּשֶׁה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:26!8|MId=o020180260081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 קָּשֶׁה֙ קָשֶׁה ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 amod _ Gloss=difficult|Ref=EXO_18:26!8|MId=o020180260082|Strong=7186|Type=adjective 14-15 יְבִיא֣וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יְבִיא֣וּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=EXO_18:26!9|MId=o020180260091|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:020180250031;A0:020180260072;|Type=yiqtol 15 ן נ X _ _ 14 nmod _ Gloss=brought|Ref=EXO_18:26!9|MId=o020180260092|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:26!10|MId=o020180260101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_18:26!11|MId=o020180260111|Strong=4872 18-19 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:26!12|MId=o020180260121|Strong=2050b 19 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_18:26!12|MId=o020180260122|Strong=3605 20-21 הַדָּבָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:26!13|MId=o020180260131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 דָּבָ֥ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_18:26!13|MId=o020180260132|Strong=1697 22-23 הַקָּטֹ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_18:26!14|MId=o020180260141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 קָּטֹ֖ן קָטֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 amod _ Gloss=small|Ref=EXO_18:26!14|MId=o020180260142|Strong=6996a|Type=adjective 24 יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.judged|Ref=EXO_18:26!15|MId=o020180260151|Strong=8199|Frame=A1:020180260132;A0:020180260161;|Type=yiqtol 25 הֵֽם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EXO_18:26!16|MId=o020180260161|Strong=1992|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:26!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפְטוּ *they judged* | weqatal · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | יְבִיאוּ *they* | yiqtol · hiphil | דָּבָר *matter* | | | | | יִשְׁפּוּטוּ *they judged* | yiqtol · qal | הֵֽם *they* | דָּבָר *matter* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְדַיְנִין יָת עַמָא בְּכָל עִדָן יָת פִתְגַם קָשֵׁי מַיְתִין לְוָת משֶׁה וְכָל פִּתְגַם זְעֵיר דָיְנִין אִנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.526/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:492`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.25/) - next →: [Exodus 18:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.27/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)