--- title: Exodus 18:8 — And Moses told his father-in-law all that the LORD had done unto Pha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses told his father-in-law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them. Who acts: Moses, LORD, travail. Exodus 18:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / 18:8 # Exodus 18:8 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, LORD, travail · **What happens:** tell, do, come, deliver · **To what, where:** all, father, sons · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 18:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, LORD, travail — and what happens in the verse to all, father, sons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ [And Moses told his father-in-law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.508/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:474 # text = וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = EXO.18.8 1-2 וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:8!1|MId=o020180080011|Strong=2050b 2 יְסַפֵּ֤ר סָפַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.recounted|Ref=EXO_18:8!1|MId=o020180080012|Strong=5608|Frame=A0:020180080021;A1:020180080051;020180080162;020180080202;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁה֙ מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_18:8!2|MId=o020180080021|Strong=4872 4-6 לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:8!3|MId=o020180080031|Strong=3807a 5 חֹ֣תְנ חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=father-in-law|Ref=EXO_18:8!3|MId=o020180080032|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_18:8!3|MId=o020180080033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:8!4|MId=o020180080041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:8!5|MId=o020180080051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_18:8!6|MId=o020180080061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 עָשָׂ֤ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=EXO_18:8!7|MId=o020180080071|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020180080081;A1:020180080051;|Type=qatal 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_18:8!8|MId=o020180080081|Strong=3068 12-13 לְפַרְעֹ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:8!9|MId=o020180080091|Strong=3807a 13 פַרְעֹ֣ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_18:8!9|MId=o020180080092|Strong=6547 14-16 וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:8!10|MId=o020180080101|Strong=2050b 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_18:8!10|MId=o020180080102|Strong=3807a 16 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 13 conj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_18:8!10|MId=o020180080103|Strong=4714 17 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_18:8!11|MId=o020180080111|Strong=5921 18 אוֹדֹ֣ת אֹודֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=the.causes|Ref=EXO_18:8!12|MId=o020180080121|Strong=0182 19 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_18:8!13|MId=o020180080131|Strong=3478 20 אֵ֤ת אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_18:8!14|MId=o020180080141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_18:8!15|MId=o020180080151|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַתְּלָאָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:8!16|MId=o020180080161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 תְּלָאָה֙ תְּלָאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hardship|Ref=EXO_18:8!16|MId=o020180080162|Strong=8513 24 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_18:8!17|MId=o020180080171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25-26 מְצָאָ֣תַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מְצָאָ֣ת מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_18:8!18|MId=o020180080181|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:020180080162;A1:020180080182;|Type=qatal 26 ַם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=had.come.upon.them|Ref=EXO_18:8!18|MId=o020180080182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27-29 בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_18:8!19|MId=o020180080191|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_18:8!19|MId=o020180080191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 דֶּ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=journey|Ref=EXO_18:8!19|MId=o020180080192|Strong=1870 30-32 וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_18:8!20|MId=o020180080201|Strong=2050b 31 יַּצִּל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_18:8!20|MId=o020180080202|Strong=5337|Frame=A0:020180080203;AA:020180080211;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 ֵ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=had.delivered.them|Ref=EXO_18:8!20|MId=o020180080203|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_18:8!21|MId=o020180080211|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EXO_18:8!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְסַפֵּר *he recounted* | wayyiqtol · piel | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | כָּל־ *all* + תְּלָאָה *hardship* + יַּצִּל *he* | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | מְצָאָת *it* | qatal · qal | תְּלָאָה *hardship* | ַם *had come upon them* | | | | יַּצִּל *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *had delivered them* | | | יְהוָֽה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאִשְׁתָּעִי משֶׁה לַחֲמוּהִי יָת כָּל דִי עֲבַד יְיָ לְפַרְעֹה וּלְמִצְרָאֵי עַל עֵסַק יִשְׂרָאֵל יָת כָּל עַקְתָא דִי אַשְׁכַּחְתִּנוּן בְּאָרְחָא וְשֵׁזְבָנוּן יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses told his father-in-law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.508/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:474`. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.7/) - next →: [Exodus 18:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.9/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/)