--- title: Exodus 19:12 — And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying: Take… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying: Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it; whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death; Who acts: thou, ye. Exodus 19:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/) / 19:12 # Exodus 19:12 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** thou, ye · **What happens:** set, say, take, not go up, touch, put · **To what, where:** bounds, heed, yourselves, mount, border, whosoever · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 19:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, ye — and what happens in the verse to bounds, heed, yourselves, mount, border, whosoever, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ [And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying: Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it; whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.540/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:505 # text = וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ # verse = EXO.19.12 1-2 וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:12!1|MId=o020190120011|Strong=2050b 2 הִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ גָּבַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.set.bounds.for|Ref=EXO_19:12!1|MId=o020190120012|Strong=1379|Frame=AA:020190100041;A0:020190120032;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_19:12!2|MId=o020190120021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_19:12!3|MId=o020190120031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_19:12!3|MId=o020190120032|Strong=5971 6 סָבִ֣יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 2 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=EXO_19:12!4|MId=o020190120041|Strong=5439 7-8 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=EXO_19:12!5|MId=o020190120051|Strong=3807a 8 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_19:12!5|MId=o020190120052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020190100041;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=take.heed|Ref=EXO_19:12!6|MId=o020190120061|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:020190120032;A1:020190120081;020190120102;|Type=imperative 10-11 לָכֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_19:12!7|MId=o020190120071|Strong=3807a 11 ָכֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=EXO_19:12!7|MId=o020190120072|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 12 עֲל֥וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 ccomp _ Gloss=to.go.up|Ref=EXO_19:12!8|MId=o020190120081|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:020190120032;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-15 בָּהָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_19:12!9|MId=o020190120091|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_19:12!9|MId=o020190120091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 הָ֖ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=EXO_19:12!9|MId=o020190120092|Strong=2022 16-17 וּנְגֹ֣עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:12!10|MId=o020190120101|Strong=2050b 17 נְגֹ֣עַ נָגַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 conj _ Gloss=to.touch|Ref=EXO_19:12!10|MId=o020190120102|Strong=5060|Frame=A0:020190120032;|Type=infinitive_construct 18-20 בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EXO_19:12!11|MId=o020190120111|Strong=0871a 19 קָצ קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=edge|Ref=EXO_19:12!11|MId=o020190120112|Strong=7097 20 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EXO_19:12!11|MId=o020190120113|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_19:12!12|MId=o020190120121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(the).[one|Ref=EXO_19:12!13|MId=o020190120131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 נֹּגֵ֥עַ נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=who].touches|Ref=EXO_19:12!13|MId=o020190120132|Strong=5060|Type=participle_active 24-26 בָּהָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EXO_19:12!14|MId=o020190120141|Strong=0871a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_19:12!14|MId=o020190120141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 הָ֖ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=EXO_19:12!14|MId=o020190120142|Strong=2022 27 מ֥וֹת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(die)|Ref=EXO_19:12!15|MId=o020190120151|Strong=4191|Type=infinitive_absolute 28 יוּמָֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.be.put.to.death|Ref=EXO_19:12!16|MId=o020190120161|Strong=4191|Frame=A1:020190120132;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EXO_19:12!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִגְבַּלְתָּ *you will set bounds for* | weqatal · hiphil | עָם *people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הִשָּׁמְרוּ *take heed* | imperative · niphal | עָם *people* | עֲלוֹת *to go up* + נְגֹעַ *to touch* | | | | עֲלוֹת *to go up* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | נְגֹעַ *to touch* | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יוּמָֽת *he will be put to death* | yiqtol · hophal | | נֹּגֵעַ *who\] touches* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּתְתַחֵם יָת עַמָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר לְמֵימַר אִסְתַּמָרוּ לְכוֹן מִלְמִסַק בְּטוּרָא וּלְמִקְרַב בְּסוֹפֵהּ כָּל דְיִקְרַב בְּטוּרָא אִתְקְטָלָא יִתְקְטֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying: Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it; whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.540/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:505`. - ← previous: [Exodus 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.11/) - next →: [Exodus 19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.13/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/)