--- title: Exodus 19:18 — Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. Who acts: mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount. Exodus 19:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 191 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/) / 19:18 # Exodus 19:18 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount, furnace · **What happens:** be, descend, ascend, quake, smoke · **To what, where:** smoke, fire This is Exodus 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount, furnace — and what happens in the verse to smoke, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃ [Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.546/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:511 # text = וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = EXO.19.18 1-2 וְהַ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:18!1|MId=o020190180011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ֤ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=EXO_19:18!1|MId=o020190180012|Strong=2022 3 סִינַי֙ סִינַי PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sinai|Ref=EXO_19:18!2|MId=o020190180021|Strong=5514 4 עָשַׁ֣ן עָשַׁן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.smoking|Ref=EXO_19:18!3|MId=o020190180031|Strong=6225|Frame=A0:020190180012;|Type=qatal 5-6 כֻּלּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=of.it|Ref=EXO_19:18!4|MId=o020190180041|Strong=3605 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_19:18!4|MId=o020190180042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 מִ֠פְּנֵי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ֠ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=EXO_19:18!5|MId=o020190180051|Strong=4480 8 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_19:18!5|MId=o020190180052|Strong=6440 9 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_19:18!6|MId=o020190180061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 יָרַ֥ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.come.down|Ref=EXO_19:18!7|MId=o020190180071|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:020190180091;|Type=qatal 11-12 עָלָ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָלָ֛י עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_19:18!8|MId=o020190180081|Strong=5921 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_19:18!8|MId=o020190180082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_19:18!9|MId=o020190180091|Strong=3068 14-16 בָּאֵ֑שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_19:18!10|MId=o020190180101|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_19:18!10|MId=o020190180101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=EXO_19:18!10|MId=o020190180102|Strong=0784 17-18 וַיַּ֤עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:18!11|MId=o020190180111|Strong=2050b 18 יַּ֤עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.went.up|Ref=EXO_19:18!11|MId=o020190180112|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:020190180121;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עֲשָׁנ עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=smoke|Ref=EXO_19:18!12|MId=o020190180121|Strong=6227 20 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EXO_19:18!12|MId=o020190180122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EXO_19:18!13|MId=o020190180131|Strong=3509a 22 עֶ֣שֶׁן עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.smoke|Ref=EXO_19:18!13|MId=o020190180132|Strong=6227 23-24 הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=EXO_19:18!14|MId=o020190180141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 כִּבְשָׁ֔ן כִּבְשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=kiln|Ref=EXO_19:18!14|MId=o020190180142|Strong=3536 25-26 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:18!15|MId=o020190180151|Strong=2050b 26 יֶּחֱרַ֥ד חָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.trembled|Ref=EXO_19:18!15|MId=o020190180152|Strong=2729|Frame=A0:020190180172;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_19:18!16|MId=o020190180161|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הָהָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_19:18!17|MId=o020190180171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 הָ֖ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=EXO_19:18!17|MId=o020190180172|Strong=2022 30 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=EXO_19:18!18|MId=o020190180181|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EXO_19:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָשַׁן *it was smoking* | qatal · qal | הַר *the mountain* | | | | | יָרַד *he had come down* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יַּעַל *it went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲשָׁנ *smoke* | | | | | יֶּחֱרַד *it trembled* | wayyiqtol · qal | הָר *mountain* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְטוּרָא דְסִינַי תָּנַן כֻּלֵהּ מִן קֳדָם דְאִתְגְלִי עֲלוֹהִי יְיָ בְּאֶשָׁתָא וּסְלִיק תְּנָנֵהּ כִּתְנָנָא דְאַתּוּנָא וְזָע כָּל טוּרָא לַחֲדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.546/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:511`. - ← previous: [Exodus 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.17/) - next →: [Exodus 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.19/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/)