--- title: Exodus 19:21 — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go down, charge the people, lest they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. Who acts: LORD, peoples, many. Exodus 19:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/) / 19:21 # Exodus 19:21 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, peoples, many · **What happens:** say, go down, charge, break through, gaze, perish · **To what, where:** people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 19:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, peoples, many — and what happens in the verse to people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רֵ֖ד הָעֵ֣ד בָּעָ֑ם פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְנָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ רָֽב׃ [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.549/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:514 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רֵ֖ד הָעֵ֣ד בָּעָ֑ם פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְנָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ רָֽב׃ # verse = EXO.19.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:21!1|MId=o020190210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_19:21!1|MId=o020190210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020190210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_19:21!2|MId=o020190210021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_19:21!3|MId=o020190210031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_19:21!4|MId=o020190210041|Strong=4872 6 רֵ֖ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go.down|Ref=EXO_19:21!5|MId=o020190210051|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:020190210041;|Type=imperative 7 הָעֵ֣ד עוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 parataxis _ Gloss=warn|Ref=EXO_19:21!6|MId=o020190210061|Strong=5749a|Frame=A0:020190210041;|Type=imperative 8-10 בָּעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EXO_19:21!7|MId=o020190210071|Strong=0871a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_19:21!7|MId=o020190210071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_19:21!7|MId=o020190210072|Strong=5971 11 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=EXO_19:21!8|MId=o020190210081|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 12 יֶהֶרְס֤וּ הָרַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=they.should.break.through|Ref=EXO_19:21!9|MId=o020190210091|Strong=2040|Frame=A0:020190210073;|Type=yiqtol 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_19:21!10|MId=o020190210101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_19:21!11|MId=o020190210111|Strong=3068 15-16 לִרְא֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_19:21!12|MId=o020190210121|Strong=3807a 16 רְא֔וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=see|Ref=EXO_19:21!12|MId=o020190210122|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020190210073;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 וְנָפַ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_19:21!13|MId=o020190210131|Strong=2050b 18 נָפַ֥ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=it.will.fall|Ref=EXO_19:21!13|MId=o020190210132|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:020190210151;|Type=weqatal 19-20 מִמֶּ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_19:21!14|MId=o020190210141|Strong=4480 20 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_19:21!14|MId=o020190210142|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 21 רָֽב רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=many|Ref=EXO_19:21!15|MId=o020190210151|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EXO_19:21!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | רֵד *go down* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | הָעֵד *warn* | imperative · hiphil | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יֶהֶרְסוּ *they should break through* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | רְאוֹת *see* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | נָפַל *it will fall* | weqatal · qal | רָֽב *many* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה חוּת אַסְהֵיד בְּעַמָא דִילְמָא יְפַגְרוּן קֳדָם יְיָ לְמֶחֱזֵי וְיִפֵּל מִנְהוֹן סַגִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.549/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:514`. - ← previous: [Exodus 19:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.20/) - next →: [Exodus 19:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.22/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/)