--- title: Exodus 2:14 — And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.' Who acts: Moses, thou. Exodus 2:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/2/) / 2:14 # Exodus 2:14 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, thou · **What happens:** say, make, think, kill, fear, know · **To what, where:** thee, me, Egyptian, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 2:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, thou — and what happens in the verse to thee, me, Egyptian, thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יֹּאמֶר מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ הַלְהָרְגֵ֙נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י וַיִּירָ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַדָּבָֽר׃ [And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.39/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:35 # text = וַ֠יֹּאמֶר מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ הַלְהָרְגֵ֙נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י וַיִּירָ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַדָּבָֽר׃ # verse = EXO.2.14 1-2 וַ֠יֹּאמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:14!1|MId=o020020140011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_2:14!1|MId=o020020140012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020020130103;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 4 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=EXO_2:14!2|MId=o020020140021|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 4-5 שָֽׂמְךָ֞ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 שָֽׂמ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=did|Ref=EXO_2:14!3|MId=o020020140031|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:020020140021;A1:020020140032;|Type=qatal 5 ְךָ֞ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ Gloss=he.appoint.you|Ref=EXO_2:14!3|MId=o020020140032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6-7 לְאִ֨ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_2:14!4|MId=o020020140041|Strong=3807a 7 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=EXO_2:14!4|MId=o020020140042|Strong=0376 8 שַׂ֤ר שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=a.chief|Ref=EXO_2:14!5|MId=o020020140051|Strong=8269 9-10 וְשֹׁפֵט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:14!6|MId=o020020140061|Strong=2050b 10 שֹׁפֵט֙ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=a.judge|Ref=EXO_2:14!6|MId=o020020140062|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:020020110051;|Type=participle_active 11-12 עָלֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָלֵ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_2:14!7|MId=o020020140071|Strong=5921 12 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=EXO_2:14!7|MId=o020020140072|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 13-16 הַלְהָרְגֵ֙נִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ PART _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=EXO_2:14!8|MId=o020020140081|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_2:14!8|MId=o020020140082|Strong=3807a 15 הָרְג הָרַג VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 advcl _ Gloss=kill|Ref=EXO_2:14!8|MId=o020020140083|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:020020110051;A1:020020140084;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ֵ֙נִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=EXO_2:14!8|MId=o020020140084|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 17 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=EXO_2:14!9|MId=o020020140091|Strong=0859|Type=personal 18 אֹמֵ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=saying|Ref=EXO_2:14!10|MId=o020020140101|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020020140091;|Type=participle_active 19-20 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=EXO_2:14!11|MId=o020020140111|Strong=3509a 20 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=EXO_2:14!11|MId=o020020140112|Strong=0834|Type=relative 21 הָרַ֖גְתָּ הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.killed|Ref=EXO_2:14!12|MId=o020020140121|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:020020110051;A1:020020140142;|Type=qatal 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_2:14!13|MId=o020020140131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַמִּצְרִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_2:14!14|MId=o020020140141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מִּצְרִ֑י מִצְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=Egyptian|Ref=EXO_2:14!14|MId=o020020140142|Strong=4713|Type=gentilic 25-26 וַיִּירָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:14!15|MId=o020020140151|Strong=2050b 26 יִּירָ֤א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.afraid|Ref=EXO_2:14!15|MId=o020020140152|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:020020140161;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 מֹשֶׁה֙ מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_2:14!16|MId=o020020140161|Strong=4872 28-29 וַיֹּאמַ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:14!17|MId=o020020140171|Strong=2050b 29 יֹּאמַ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.thought|Ref=EXO_2:14!17|MId=o020020140172|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020020140161;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 אָכֵ֖ן אָכֵן ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=truly|Ref=EXO_2:14!18|MId=o020020140181|Strong=0403 31 נוֹדַ֥ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 ccomp _ Gloss=it.is.known|Ref=EXO_2:14!19|MId=o020020140191|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:020020140202;|Type=qatal 32-33 הַדָּבָֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_2:14!20|MId=o020020140201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 דָּבָֽר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_2:14!20|MId=o020020140202|Strong=1697 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EXO_2:14!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שָֽׂמ *did* | qatal · qal | מִי *who?* | ְךָ *he appoint you* | | | | שֹׁפֵט *a judge* | participle active · qal | | | | | | הָרְג *kill* | infinitive construct · qal | | ֵנִי *me* | | | | אֹמֵר *saying* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *\[are\] you* | | | | | הָרַגְתָּ *you killed* | qatal · qal | | מִּצְרִי *Egyptian* | | | | יִּירָא *he was afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יֹּאמַר *he thought* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | נוֹדַע *it is known* | qatal · niphal | | דָּבָֽר *matter* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מָן שַׁוְיָךְ לִגְבַר רַב וְדַיָן עֲלָנָא הַלְמִקְטְלִי אַתְּ אָמַר כְּמָא דִקְטַלְתָּ יָת מִצְרָאָה וּדְחִיל משֶׁה וַאֲמַר בְּקוּשְׁטָא אִתְיְדַע פִּתְגָמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.39/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:35`. - ← previous: [Exodus 2:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.13/) - next →: [Exodus 2:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.15/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/2/)