--- title: Exodus 2:19 — And they said: 'An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shep… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they said: 'An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock.' Who acts: shepherds, Egyptian. Exodus 2:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/2/) / 2:19 # Exodus 2:19 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** shepherds, Egyptian · **What happens:** say, deliver, draw, water · **To what, where:** us, hand, water, flock · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 2:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — shepherds, Egyptian — and what happens in the verse to us, hand, water, flock, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּאמַ֕רְןָ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן׃ [And they said: 'An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.45/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:40 # text = וַתֹּאמַ֕רְןָ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן׃ # verse = EXO.2.19 1-2 וַתֹּאמַ֕רְןָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:19!1|MId=o020020190011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּאמַ֕רְןָ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=EXO_2:19!1|MId=o020020190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020020160041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=EXO_2:19!2|MId=o020020190021|Strong=0376 4 מִצְרִ֔י מִצְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=Egyptian|Ref=EXO_2:19!3|MId=o020020190031|Strong=4713|Type=gentilic 5-6 הִצִּילָ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הִצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_2:19!4|MId=o020020190041|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:020020190021;A0:020020190042;|Type=qatal 6 ָ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=rescued.us|Ref=EXO_2:19!4|MId=o020020190042|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 7-8 מִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_2:19!5|MId=o020020190051|Strong=4480 8 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=EXO_2:19!5|MId=o020020190052|Strong=3027 9-10 הָרֹעִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_2:19!6|MId=o020020190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 רֹעִ֑ים רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.shepherds|Ref=EXO_2:19!6|MId=o020020190062|Strong=7473|Type=participle_active 11-12 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:19!7|MId=o020020190071|Strong=2050b 12 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=EXO_2:19!7|MId=o020020190072|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 13 דָּלֹ֤ה דָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=actually.(draw)|Ref=EXO_2:19!8|MId=o020020190081|Strong=1802|Type=infinitive_absolute 14 דָלָה֙ דָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.drew|Ref=EXO_2:19!9|MId=o020020190091|Strong=1802|Frame=A0:020020190021;|Type=qatal 15-16 לָ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_2:19!10|MId=o020020190101|Strong=3807a 16 ָ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=EXO_2:19!10|MId=o020020190102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_2:19!11|MId=o020020190111|Strong=2050b 18 יַּ֖שְׁקְ שָׁקָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=he.watered|Ref=EXO_2:19!11|MId=o020020190112|Strong=8248|Frame=AA:020020190021;A0:020020190132;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_2:19!12|MId=o020020190121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַצֹּֽאן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_2:19!13|MId=o020020190131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 צֹּֽאן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=flock|Ref=EXO_2:19!13|MId=o020020190132|Strong=6629 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EXO_2:19!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמַרְןָ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִצִּיל *he* | qatal · hiphil | ָנוּ *rescued us* | | | אִישׁ *a man* | | דָלָה *he drew* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | יַּשְׁקְ *he watered* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | צֹּֽאן *flock* | | | אִישׁ *a man* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרָא גַבְרָא מִצְרָאָה שֵׁזְבָנָא מִיַד רָעַיָא וְאַף מִדְלָא דְלָא לָנָא וְאַשְׁקֵי יָת עָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they said: 'An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and moreover he drew water for us, and watered the flock.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.45/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:40`. - ← previous: [Exodus 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.18/) - next →: [Exodus 2:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.20/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/2/)