--- title: Exodus 20:18 — (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightn… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off. Who acts: people, mountain. Exodus 20:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/) / 20:18 # Exodus 20:18 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** people, mountain · **What happens:** perceive, smoking, see, tremble, stand · **To what, where:** thunderings, mountain This is Exodus 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, mountain — and what happens in the verse to thunderings, mountain, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃ [(20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.571/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:536 # text = וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃ # verse = EXO.20.18 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!1|MId=o020200180011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_20:18!1|MId=o020200180012|Strong=3605 3-4 הָעָם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_20:18!2|MId=o020200180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָם֩ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_20:18!2|MId=o020200180022|Strong=5971 5 רֹאִ֨ים רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].seeing|Ref=EXO_20:18!3|MId=o020200180031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020200180022;A1:020200180052;020200180072;020200180091;020200180122;|Type=participle_active 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_20:18!4|MId=o020200180041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the.thunder|Ref=EXO_20:18!5|MId=o020200180051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 קּוֹלֹ֜ת קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=claps|Ref=EXO_20:18!5|MId=o020200180052|Strong=6963 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!6|MId=o020200180061|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_20:18!6|MId=o020200180062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11-12 הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_20:18!7|MId=o020200180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 לַּפִּידִ֗ם לַפִּיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=lightning(s)|Ref=EXO_20:18!7|MId=o020200180072|Strong=3940 13-14 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!8|MId=o020200180081|Strong=2050b 14 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_20:18!8|MId=o020200180082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 ק֣וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=the.sound|Ref=EXO_20:18!9|MId=o020200180091|Strong=6963 16-17 הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_20:18!10|MId=o020200180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שֹּׁפָ֔ר שֹׁופָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ram's.horn|Ref=EXO_20:18!10|MId=o020200180102|Strong=7782 18-19 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!11|MId=o020200180111|Strong=2050b 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_20:18!11|MId=o020200180112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20-21 הָהָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_20:18!12|MId=o020200180121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 הָ֖ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=mountain|Ref=EXO_20:18!12|MId=o020200180122|Strong=2022 22 עָשֵׁ֑ן עָשֵׁן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 amod _ Gloss=smoking|Ref=EXO_20:18!13|MId=o020200180131|Strong=6226|Type=adjective 23-24 וַיַּ֤רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!14|MId=o020200180141|Strong=2050b 24 יַּ֤רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.saw|Ref=EXO_20:18!14|MId=o020200180142|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020200180152;A1:020200180052;020200180072;020200180091;020200180122;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_20:18!15|MId=o020200180151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_20:18!15|MId=o020200180152|Strong=5971 27-28 וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!16|MId=o020200180161|Strong=2050b 28 יָּנֻ֔עוּ נוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 24 conj _ Gloss=they.trembled|Ref=EXO_20:18!16|MId=o020200180162|Strong=5128|Frame=A0:020200180152;|Type=wayyiqtol 29-30 וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:18!17|MId=o020200180171|Strong=2050b 30 יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 24 conj _ Gloss=they.stood|Ref=EXO_20:18!17|MId=o020200180172|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:020200180152;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 מֵֽרָחֹֽק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_20:18!18|MId=o020200180181|Strong=4480 32 רָחֹֽק רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=a.distance|Ref=EXO_20:18!18|MId=o020200180182|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EXO_20:18!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רֹאִים *\[were\] seeing* | participle active · qal | עָם *people* | קּוֹלֹת *claps* + לַּפִּידִם *lightning(s)* + קוֹל *the sound* + הָר *mountain* | | | | יַּרְא *it saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | קּוֹלֹת *claps* + לַּפִּידִם *lightning(s)* + קוֹל *the sound* + הָר *mountain* | | | | יָּנֻעוּ *they trembled* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יַּֽעַמְדוּ *they stood* | wayyiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְקָם עַמָא מֵרָחִיק וּמשֶׁה קָרֵב לְצַד אַמִיטְּתָא דִתַמָן יְקָרָא דַיְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.571/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:536`. - ← previous: [Exodus 20:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.17/) - next →: [Exodus 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.19/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/)