--- title: Exodus 20:20 — (20-17) And Moses said unto the people: 'Fear not; for God is come t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (20-17) And Moses said unto the people: 'Fear not; for God is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before you, that ye sin not.' Who acts: Moses, God, fear, ye. Exodus 20:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/) / 20:20 # Exodus 20:20 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, God, fear, ye · **What happens:** say, not fear, come, prove, be, not sin · **To what, where:** you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 20:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, God, fear, ye — and what happens in the verse to you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־הָעָם֮ אַל־תִּירָאוּ֒ כִּ֗י לְבַֽעֲבוּר֙ נַסּ֣וֹת אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּ֖א הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבַעֲב֗וּר תִּהְיֶ֧ה יִרְאָת֛וֹ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י תֶחֱטָֽאוּ׃ [(20-17) And Moses said unto the people: 'Fear not; for God is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before you, that ye sin not.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.573/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:538 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־הָעָם֮ אַל־תִּירָאוּ֒ כִּ֗י לְבַֽעֲבוּר֙ נַסּ֣וֹת אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּ֖א הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וּבַעֲב֗וּר תִּהְיֶ֧ה יִרְאָת֛וֹ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י תֶחֱטָֽאוּ׃ # verse = EXO.20.20 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:20!1|MId=o020200200011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_20:20!1|MId=o020200200012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020200200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁ֣ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_20:20!2|MId=o020200200021|Strong=4872 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_20:20!3|MId=o020200200031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָעָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_20:20!4|MId=o020200200041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 עָם֮ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_20:20!4|MId=o020200200042|Strong=5971 7 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=EXO_20:20!5|MId=o020200200051|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 8 תִּירָאוּ֒ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=EXO_20:20!6|MId=o020200200061|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:020200200042;|Type=jussive 9 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_20:20!7|MId=o020200200071|Strong=3588 10-12 לְבַֽעֲבוּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EXO_20:20!8|MId=o020200200081|Strong=3807a 11 בַֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_20:20!8|MId=o020200200082|Strong=0871a 12 עֲבוּר֙ עָבוּר NOUN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=order|Ref=EXO_20:20!8|MId=o020200200083|Strong=5668 13 נַסּ֣וֹת נָסָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 12 acl _ Gloss=to.put.to.the.test|Ref=EXO_20:20!9|MId=o020200200091|Strong=5254|Frame=A0:020200200122;A1:020200200102;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 אֶתְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_20:20!10|MId=o020200200101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_20:20!10|MId=o020200200102|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 16 בָּ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.come|Ref=EXO_20:20!11|MId=o020200200111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020200200122;|Type=qatal 17-18 הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_20:20!12|MId=o020200200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=EXO_20:20!12|MId=o020200200122|Strong=0430 19-21 וּבַעֲב֗וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_20:20!13|MId=o020200200131|Strong=2050b 20 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_20:20!13|MId=o020200200132|Strong=0871a 21 עֲב֗וּר עָבוּר NOUN _ _ 26 nmod _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_20:20!13|MId=o020200200133|Strong=5668 22 תִּהְיֶ֧ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=it.may.be|Ref=EXO_20:20!14|MId=o020200200141|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020200200151;|Type=yiqtol 23-24 יִרְאָת֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 יִרְאָת יִרְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=fear|Ref=EXO_20:20!15|MId=o020200200151|Strong=3374 24 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_20:20!15|MId=o020200200152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_20:20!16|MId=o020200200161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 פְּנֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=EXO_20:20!17|MId=o020200200171|Strong=6440 27 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_20:20!17|MId=o020200200172|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 28-29 לְבִלְתִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_20:20!18|MId=o020200200181|Strong=3807a 29 בִלְתִּ֥י בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_20:20!18|MId=o020200200182|Strong=1115 30 תֶחֱטָֽאוּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 26 conj _ Gloss=you.will.sin|Ref=EXO_20:20!19|MId=o020200200191|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:020200200042;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EXO_20:20!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | **not** תִּירָאוּ *be afraid* | jussive · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | נַסּוֹת *to put to the test* | infinitive construct · piel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | ְכֶם *you* | | | | בָּא *he has come* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | תִּהְיֶה *it may be* | yiqtol · qal | יִרְאָת *fear* | | | | | תֶחֱטָֽאוּ *you will sin* | yiqtol · qal | עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תַעְבְּדוּן קֳדָמָי דַחֲלָן דִכְסַף וְדַחֲלָן דִדְהַב לָא תַעְבְּדוּן לְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(20-17) And Moses said unto the people: 'Fear not; for God is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before you, that ye sin not.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.573/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:538`. - ← previous: [Exodus 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.19/) - next →: [Exodus 20:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.21/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/)