--- title: Exodus 22:13 — And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. Who acts: man, owner. Exodus 22:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/) / 22:13 # Exodus 22:13 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** man, owner · **What happens:** borrow, hurt, die, not be, make · **To what, where:** aught, restitution This is Exodus 22:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, owner — and what happens in the verse to aught, restitution, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ [And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.629/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:594 # text = וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ # verse = EXO.22.13 1-2 וְכִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_22:13!1|MId=o020220130011|Strong=2050b 2 כִֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_22:13!1|MId=o020220130012|Strong=3588 3 יִשְׁאַ֥ל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.ask|Ref=EXO_22:13!2|MId=o020220130021|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:020220130031;|Type=yiqtol 4 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=EXO_22:13!3|MId=o020220130031|Strong=0376 5-6 מֵעִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_22:13!4|MId=o020220130041|Strong=4480 6 עִ֥ם עִם ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_22:13!4|MId=o020220130042|Strong=5973 7-8 רֵעֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=EXO_22:13!5|MId=o020220130051|Strong=7453 8 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_22:13!5|MId=o020220130052|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_22:13!6|MId=o020220130061|Strong=2050b 10 נִשְׁבַּ֣ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.maimed|Ref=EXO_22:13!6|MId=o020220130062|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:020220100102;|Type=qatal 11 אוֹ־ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=EXO_22:13!7|MId=o020220130071|Strong=0176|SpaceAfter=No 12 מֵ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.died|Ref=EXO_22:13!8|MId=o020220130081|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:020220100102;|Type=qatal 13-14 בְּעָלָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּעָלָ֥י בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=owner(s)|Ref=EXO_22:13!9|MId=o020220130091|Strong=1167 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EXO_22:13!9|MId=o020220130092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 ccomp _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_22:13!10|MId=o020220130101|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 עִמּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=EXO_22:13!11|MId=o020220130111|Strong=5973 17 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_22:13!11|MId=o020220130112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 שַׁלֵּ֥ם שָׁלֵם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 19 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(make.restitution)|Ref=EXO_22:13!12|MId=o020220130121|Strong=7999|Type=infinitive_absolute 19 יְשַׁלֵּֽם שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.make.restitution|Ref=EXO_22:13!13|MId=o020220130131|Strong=7999|Frame=A0:020220130031;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=EXO_22:13!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִשְׁאַל *he will ask* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | נִשְׁבַּר *it will be maimed* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | מֵת *it died* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יְשַׁלֵּֽם *he will make restitution* | yiqtol · piel | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵי יִשְׁאַל גְבַר מִן חַבְרֵהּ וְיִתְּבַר אוֹ מִית מָרֵהּ לֵית עִמֵהּ שַׁלָמָא יְשַׁלֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.629/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:594`. - ← previous: [Exodus 22:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.12/) - next →: [Exodus 22:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.14/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/)