--- title: Exodus 22:4 — (22-4) If a man cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall let… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (22-4) If a man cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall let his beast loose, and it feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution. Who acts: man, field, beast. Exodus 22:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/) / 22:4 # Exodus 22:4 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** man, field, beast · **What happens:** cause, eat, let, feed, make · **To what, where:** field, beast, restitution This is Exodus 22:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, field, beast — and what happens in the verse to field, beast, restitution, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־בְּעִיר֔וֹ וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ס [(22-4) If a man cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall let his beast loose, and it feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.620/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:585 # text = כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־בְּעִיר֔וֹ וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ס # verse = EXO.22.4 1 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_22:4!1|MId=o020220040011|Strong=3588 2 יַבְעֶר־ בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.cause.to.be.grazed.over|Ref=EXO_22:4!2|MId=o020220040021|Strong=1197a|Frame=AA:020220040031;A0:020220040041;020220040061;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 3 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=EXO_22:4!3|MId=o020220040031|Strong=0376 4 שָׂדֶ֣ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.field|Ref=EXO_22:4!4|MId=o020220040041|Strong=7704 5 אוֹ־ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=EXO_22:4!5|MId=o020220040051|Strong=0176|SpaceAfter=No 6 כֶ֔רֶם כֶּרֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=a.vineyard|Ref=EXO_22:4!6|MId=o020220040061|Strong=3754 7-8 וְשִׁלַּח֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_22:4!7|MId=o020220040071|Strong=2050b 8 שִׁלַּח֙ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.let.go|Ref=EXO_22:4!7|MId=o020220040072|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020220040031;A1:020220040101;|Type=qatal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_22:4!8|MId=o020220040081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 בְּעִיר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּעִיר בְּעִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=cattle|Ref=EXO_22:4!10|MId=o020220040101|Strong=1165 11 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_22:4!10|MId=o020220040102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וּבִעֵ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_22:4!11|MId=o020220040111|Strong=2050b 13 בִעֵ֖ר בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.graze|Ref=EXO_22:4!11|MId=o020220040112|Strong=1197a|Frame=A0:020220040101;|Type=weqatal 14-15 בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=EXO_22:4!12|MId=o020220040121|Strong=0871a 15 שְׂדֵ֣ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=EXO_22:4!12|MId=o020220040122|Strong=7704 16 אַחֵ֑ר אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 amod _ Gloss=of.another.[person]|Ref=EXO_22:4!13|MId=o020220040131|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 17 מֵיטַ֥ב מֵיטָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=the.best|Ref=EXO_22:4!14|MId=o020220040141|Strong=4315 18-19 שָׂדֵ֛הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 שָׂד שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.field|Ref=EXO_22:4!15|MId=o020220040151|Strong=7704 19 ֵ֛הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_22:4!15|MId=o020220040152|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וּמֵיטַ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_22:4!16|MId=o020220040161|Strong=2050b 21 מֵיטַ֥ב מֵיטָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=the.best|Ref=EXO_22:4!16|MId=o020220040162|Strong=4315 22-23 כַּרְמ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 כַּרְמ כֶּרֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.vineyard|Ref=EXO_22:4!17|MId=o020220040171|Strong=3754 23 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_22:4!17|MId=o020220040172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 יְשַׁלֵּֽם שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.make.compensation|Ref=EXO_22:4!18|MId=o020220040181|Strong=7999|Frame=A0:020220040031;A1:020220040141;020220040162;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=EXO_22:4!18|SpaceAfter=No 26 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=EXO_22:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַבְעֶר־ *he will cause to be grazed over* | yiqtol · hiphil | שָׂדֶה *a field* + כֶרֶם *a vineyard* | | | אִישׁ *anyone* | | שִׁלַּח *he will let go* | qatal · piel | אִישׁ *anyone* | בְּעִיר *cattle* | | | | בִעֵר *it will graze* | weqatal · piel | בְּעִיר *cattle* | | | | | יְשַׁלֵּֽם *he will make compensation* | yiqtol · piel | אִישׁ *anyone* | מֵיטַב *the best* + מֵיטַב *the best* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי יאכִיל גְבַר חֲקַל אוֹ כְרָם וִישַׁלַח יָת בְּעִירֵהּ וְיֵיכוּל בַּחֲקַל אָחֳרָן שְׁפַר חַקְלֵהּ וּשְׁפַר כַּרְמֵהּ יְשַׁלֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(22-4) If a man cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall let his beast loose, and it feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.620/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:585`. - ← previous: [Exodus 22:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.3/) - next →: [Exodus 22:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.5/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/)