--- title: Exodus 22:8 — For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for she… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour. Who acts: master, one, This, cause. E --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/) / 22:8 # Exodus 22:8 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** master, one, This, cause, God, trespass · **What happens:** be, lose, say, come, condemn, pay · **To what, where:** master, parties · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — master, one, This, cause, God, trespass — and what happens in the verse to master, parties, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ס [For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.624/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:589 # text = עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ס # verse = EXO.22.8 1 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!1|MId=o020220080011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_22:8!2|MId=o020220080021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 3 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=matter|Ref=EXO_22:8!3|MId=o020220080031|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 4 פֶּ֡שַׁע פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.transgression|Ref=EXO_22:8!4|MId=o020220080041|Strong=6588 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!5|MId=o020220080051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6 שׁ֡וֹר שׁוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ Gloss=an.ox|Ref=EXO_22:8!6|MId=o020220080061|Strong=7794 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!7|MId=o020220080071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8 חֲ֠מוֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.donkey|Ref=EXO_22:8!8|MId=o020220080081|Strong=2543 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!9|MId=o020220080091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 שֶׂ֨ה שֶׂה NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.sheep|Ref=EXO_22:8!10|MId=o020220080101|Strong=7716 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!11|MId=o020220080111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 שַׂלְמָ֜ה שַׂלְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.garment|Ref=EXO_22:8!12|MId=o020220080121|Strong=8008 13 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_22:8!13|MId=o020220080131|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_22:8!14|MId=o020220080141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲבֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=thing.lost|Ref=EXO_22:8!15|MId=o020220080151|Strong=0009 16 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_22:8!16|MId=o020220080161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 יֹאמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=anyone.will.say|Ref=EXO_22:8!17|MId=o020220080171|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:;A1:020220080191;|Type=yiqtol 18 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_22:8!18|MId=o020220080181|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].it|Ref=EXO_22:8!19|MId=o020220080191|Strong=1931|Type=personal 20 זֶ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=EXO_22:8!20|MId=o020220080201|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21 עַ֚ד עַד ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_22:8!21|MId=o020220080211|Strong=5704 22-23 הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_22:8!22|MId=o020220080221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=judges|Ref=EXO_22:8!22|MId=o020220080222|Strong=0430 24 יָבֹ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.come|Ref=EXO_22:8!23|MId=o020220080231|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020220080241;|Type=yiqtol 25 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=the.case|Ref=EXO_22:8!24|MId=o020220080241|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שְׁנֵי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 27 nummod _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_22:8!25|MId=o020220080251|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 27 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=both.of.them|Ref=EXO_22:8!25|MId=o020220080252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=[the.one].whom|Ref=EXO_22:8!26|MId=o020220080261|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29-30 יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 יַרְשִׁיעֻ רָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 32 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EXO_22:8!27|MId=o020220080271|Strong=7561|Frame=A0:020220080281;|Type=yiqtol 30 ן֙ נ X _ _ 29 nmod _ Gloss=will.condemn.as.guilty|Ref=EXO_22:8!27|MId=o020220080272|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 31 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].judges|Ref=EXO_22:8!28|MId=o020220080281|Strong=0430 32 יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.make.restitution|Ref=EXO_22:8!29|MId=o020220080291|Strong=7999|Frame=A0:020220080271;A1:020220080301;|Type=yiqtol 33 שְׁנַ֖יִם שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 32 obj _ Gloss=twofold|Ref=EXO_22:8!30|MId=o020220080301|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 34-36 לְרֵעֵֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_22:8!31|MId=o020220080311|Strong=3807a 35 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=EXO_22:8!31|MId=o020220080312|Strong=7453 36 ֵֽהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_22:8!31|MId=o020220080313|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=EXO_22:8!31|SpaceAfter=No 38 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=EXO_22:8!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹאמַר *anyone will say* | yiqtol · qal | | הוּא *\[is\] it* | | | | יָבֹא *it will come* | yiqtol · qal | דְּבַר־ *the case* | | | | | יַרְשִׁיעֻ *they* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֱלֹהִים *\[the\] judges* | | | | | יְשַׁלֵּם *he will make restitution* | yiqtol · piel | יַרְשִׁיעֻ *they* | שְׁנַיִם *twofold* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} עַל כָּל פִּתְגַם דְחוֹב עַל תּוֹר עַל חֲמַר עַל אִמָר עַל כְּסוּ עַל כָּל אֲבֶדְתָּא דִי יֵימַר אֲרֵי הוּא דֵין לִקֳדָם דַיָנַיָא יֵיעוֹל דִין תַּרְוֵיהוֹן דִי יְחַיְבוּן דַיָנַיָא יְשַׁלֵם עַל חַד תְּרֵין לְחַבְרֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.624/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:589`. - ← previous: [Exodus 22:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.7/) - next →: [Exodus 22:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.9/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/22/)