--- title: Exodus 23:27 — I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. Who acts: I, thou, enemies. Exodus 23:27 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/23/) / 23:27 # Exodus 23:27 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** I, thou, enemies · **What happens:** send, discomfit, come, make, turn · **To what, where:** terror, people, backs This is Exodus 23:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou, enemies — and what happens in the verse to terror, people, backs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃ [I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.676/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:638 # text = אֶת־אֵֽימָתִי֙ אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ וְהַמֹּתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖א בָּהֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף׃ # verse = EXO.23.27 1 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_23:27!1|MId=o020230270011|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 אֵֽימָתִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אֵֽימָת אֵימָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=terror|Ref=EXO_23:27!2|MId=o020230270021|Strong=0367 3 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_23:27!2|MId=o020230270022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4 אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.send|Ref=EXO_23:27!3|MId=o020230270031|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020230250031;A1:020230270021;|Type=yiqtol 5-7 לְפָנֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_23:27!4|MId=o020230270041|Strong=3807a 6 פָנֶ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_23:27!4|MId=o020230270042|Strong=6440 7 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_23:27!4|MId=o020230270043|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְהַמֹּתִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_23:27!5|MId=o020230270051|Strong=2050b 9 הַמֹּתִי֙ הָמַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.will.confuse|Ref=EXO_23:27!5|MId=o020230270052|Strong=2000|Frame=A0:020230250031;A1:020230270082;|Type=weqatal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_23:27!6|MId=o020230270061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_23:27!7|MId=o020230270071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_23:27!8|MId=o020230270081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_23:27!8|MId=o020230270082|Strong=5971 14 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_23:27!9|MId=o020230270091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 תָּבֹ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.go|Ref=EXO_23:27!10|MId=o020230270101|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020200220081;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 בָּהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EXO_23:27!11|MId=o020230270111|Strong=0871a 17 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_23:27!11|MId=o020230270112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְנָתַתִּ֧י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_23:27!12|MId=o020230270121|Strong=2050b 19 נָתַתִּ֧י נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.will.give|Ref=EXO_23:27!12|MId=o020230270122|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:020230250031;A2:020230270151;A1:020230270171;|Type=weqatal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_23:27!13|MId=o020230270131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_23:27!14|MId=o020230270141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֹיְבֶ֛י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=EXO_23:27!15|MId=o020230270151|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_23:27!15|MId=o020230270152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 אֵלֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֵלֶ֖י אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_23:27!16|MId=o020230270161|Strong=0413 25 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_23:27!16|MId=o020230270162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 עֹֽרֶף עֹרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 xcomp _ Gloss=neck|Ref=EXO_23:27!17|MId=o020230270171|Strong=6203|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_23:27!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲשַׁלַּח *I will send* | yiqtol · piel | | אֵֽימָת *terror* | | | | הַמֹּתִי *I will confuse* | weqatal · qal | | עָם *people* | | | | תָּבֹא *you will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | נָתַתִּי *I will give* | weqatal · qal | | עֹֽרֶף *neck* | אֹיְבֶי *enemies* | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} יָת אֵימְתִי אֲשַׁלַח קֳדָמָךְ ואֶתְּפַר (נ״‎א וֶאֱשַׁגֵשׁ) יָת כָּל עַמָא דְאַתְּ אָתֵי לַאֲגָחָא בְּהוֹן וְאֶמְסַר יָת כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ קֳדָמָךְ מְחַזְרֵי קְדָל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I will send My terror before thee, and will discomfit all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.676/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:638`. - ← previous: [Exodus 23:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.26/) - next →: [Exodus 23:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.28/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/23/)