--- title: Exodus 23:30 — By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. Who acts: I. Exodus 23:30 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.30/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/23/) / 23:30 # Exodus 23:30 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** drive out, increase, inherit · **To what, where:** people, thee, thou, land This is Exodus 23:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to people, thee, thou, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מְעַ֥ט מְעַ֛ט אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְרֶ֔ה וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.679/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:641 # text = מְעַ֥ט מְעַ֛ט אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְרֶ֔ה וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = EXO.23.30 1 מְעַ֥ט מְעַט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 advmod _ Gloss=little|Ref=EXO_23:30!1|MId=o020230300011|Strong=4592 2 מְעַ֛ט מְעַט ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 amod _ Gloss=little|Ref=EXO_23:30!2|MId=o020230300021|Strong=4592 3-4 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲגָרְשׁ גָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_23:30!3|MId=o020230300031|Strong=1644|Frame=A0:020230250031;A1:020230300032;|Type=yiqtol 4 ֶ֖נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ Gloss=will.drive.it.out|Ref=EXO_23:30!3|MId=o020230300032|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 5-7 מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_23:30!4|MId=o020230300041|Strong=4480 6 פָּנֶ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_23:30!4|MId=o020230300042|Strong=6440 7 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_23:30!4|MId=o020230300043|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 8 עַ֚ד עַד ADP _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=until|Ref=EXO_23:30!5|MId=o020230300051|Strong=5704 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_23:30!6|MId=o020230300061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 תִּפְרֶ֔ה פָּרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.be.fruitful|Ref=EXO_23:30!7|MId=o020230300071|Strong=6509|Frame=A0:020200220081;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_23:30!8|MId=o020230300081|Strong=2050b 12 נָחַלְתָּ֖ נָחַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=you.will.possess|Ref=EXO_23:30!8|MId=o020230300082|Strong=5157|Frame=A0:020200220081;A1:020230300102;|Type=weqatal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_23:30!9|MId=o020230300091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_23:30!10|MId=o020230300101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=EXO_23:30!10|MId=o020230300102|Strong=0776 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=EXO_23:30!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲגָרְשׁ *I* | yiqtol · piel | | ֶנּוּ *will drive it out* | | | | תִּפְרֶה *you will be fruitful* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | נָחַלְתָּ *you will possess* | weqatal · qal | | אָֽרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} זְעֵיר זְעֵיר אֱתָרֵכִנוּן מִן קֳדָמָךְ עַד דְתִסְגֵי וְתַחְסֵן יָת אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.679/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:641`. - ← previous: [Exodus 23:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.29/) - next →: [Exodus 23:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.23.31/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/23/)