--- title: Exodus 25:20 — And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be. Who acts: cherubim. Exodus 25:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.25.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/25/) / 25:20 # Exodus 25:20 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** cherubim · **What happens:** spread out, screen · **To what, where:** wings, ark cover This is Exodus 25:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — cherubim — and what happens in the verse to wings, ark cover, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִהְי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃ [And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.720/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:682 # text = וְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִהְי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים׃ # verse = EXO.25.20 1-2 וְהָי֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_25:20!1|MId=o020250200011|Strong=2050b 2 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=EXO_25:20!1|MId=o020250200012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020250200022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 הַכְּרֻבִים֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_25:20!2|MId=o020250200021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 כְּרֻבִים֩ כְּרוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=cherubim|Ref=EXO_25:20!2|MId=o020250200022|Strong=3742 5 פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י פָּרַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=spreading.out|Ref=EXO_25:20!3|MId=o020250200031|Strong=6566|Frame=A0:020250200022;A1:020250200041;|Type=participle_active 6 כְנָפַ֜יִם כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 5 obj _ Gloss=(of).wings|Ref=EXO_25:20!4|MId=o020250200041|Strong=3671 7-9 לְמַ֗עְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EXO_25:20!5|MId=o020250200051|Strong=3807a 8 מַ֗עְל מַעַל ADV _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=upwards|Ref=EXO_25:20!5|MId=o020250200052|Strong=4605 9 ָה ה X _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_25:20!5|MId=o020250200053|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 10 סֹכְכִ֤ים סָכַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=covering|Ref=EXO_25:20!6|MId=o020250200061|Strong=5526|Frame=A0:020250200022;|Type=participle_active 11-13 בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_25:20!7|MId=o020250200071|Strong=0871a 12 כַנְפֵי כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 10 obl _ Gloss=wings|Ref=EXO_25:20!7|MId=o020250200072|Strong=3671 13 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_25:20!7|MId=o020250200073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_25:20!8|MId=o020250200081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the.atonement|Ref=EXO_25:20!9|MId=o020250200091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 כַּפֹּ֔רֶת כַּפֹּרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=cover|Ref=EXO_25:20!9|MId=o020250200092|Strong=3727 17-19 וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_25:20!10|MId=o020250200101|Strong=2050b 18 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=EXO_25:20!10|MId=o020250200102|Strong=6440 19 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_25:20!10|MId=o020250200103|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=each|Ref=EXO_25:20!11|MId=o020250200111|Strong=0376 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[will.be].to|Ref=EXO_25:20!12|MId=o020250200121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 אָחִ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אָחִ֑י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ Gloss=brother|Ref=EXO_25:20!13|MId=o020250200131|Strong=0251 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EXO_25:20!13|MId=o020250200132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_25:20!14|MId=o020250200141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the.atonement|Ref=EXO_25:20!15|MId=o020250200151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 כַּפֹּ֔רֶת כַּפֹּרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=cover|Ref=EXO_25:20!15|MId=o020250200152|Strong=3727 27 יִהְי֖וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=EXO_25:20!16|MId=o020250200161|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020250200171;|Type=yiqtol 28 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=the.faces|Ref=EXO_25:20!17|MId=o020250200171|Strong=6440 29-30 הַכְּרֻבִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_25:20!18|MId=o020250200181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 כְּרֻבִֽים כְּרוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cherubim|Ref=EXO_25:20!18|MId=o020250200182|Strong=3742 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EXO_25:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *they will be* | weqatal · qal | כְּרֻבִים *cherubim* | | | | | פֹּרְשֵׂי *spreading out* | participle active · qal | כְּרֻבִים *cherubim* | כְנָפַיִם *(of) wings* | | | | סֹכְכִים *covering* | participle active · qal | כְּרֻבִים *cherubim* | | | | | יִהְיוּ *they will be* | yiqtol · qal | פְּנֵי *the faces* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִיהוֹן כְּרוּבַיָא פְּרִיסָן גַדְפֵיהוֹן לְעֵלָא מְטַלִין בְּגַדְפֵהוֹן עַל כַּפֻּרְתָּא וְאַפֵּיהוֹן חַד לָקֳבֵל חַד לָקֳבֵל כַּפֻּרְתָּא יְהוֹן אַפֵי כְרוּבַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the cherubim shall spread out their wings on high, screening the ark-cover with their wings, with their faces one to another; toward the ark-cover shall the faces of the cherubim be.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.720/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:682`. - ← previous: [Exodus 25:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.25.19/) - next →: [Exodus 25:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.25.21/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/25/)