--- title: Exodus 31:14 — Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people. Who acts: Ye, incense, one, whosoever. Exodus 31:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/31/) / 31:14 # Exodus 31:14 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Ye, incense, one, whosoever · **What happens:** keep, be, profane, put, do, cut off · **To what, where:** sabbath, incense, one, work, soul This is Exodus 31:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ye, incense, one, whosoever — and what happens in the verse to sabbath, incense, one, work, soul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת כִּ֗י כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בָהּ֙ מְלָאכָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃ [Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.940/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:901 # text = וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת כִּ֗י כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בָהּ֙ מְלָאכָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃ # verse = EXO.31.14 1-2 וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_31:14!1|MId=o020310140011|Strong=2050b 2 שְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.observe|Ref=EXO_31:14!1|MId=o020310140012|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:020310130041;A1:020310140032;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_31:14!2|MId=o020310140021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_31:14!3|MId=o020310140031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 שַּׁבָּ֔ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=EXO_31:14!3|MId=o020310140032|Strong=7676 6 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_31:14!4|MId=o020310140041|Strong=3588 7 קֹ֥דֶשׁ קֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].a.holy.thing|Ref=EXO_31:14!5|MId=o020310140051|Strong=6944 8 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_31:14!6|MId=o020310140061|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 9-10 לָכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ל לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_31:14!7|MId=o020310140071|Strong=3807a 10 ָכֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_31:14!7|MId=o020310140072|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-12 מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מְחַֽלְלֶ֙י חָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=[those|Ref=EXO_31:14!8|MId=o020310140081|Strong=2490|Frame=A1:020310140082;|Type=participle_active 12 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].profane.it|Ref=EXO_31:14!8|MId=o020310140082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13 מ֣וֹת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(die)|Ref=EXO_31:14!9|MId=o020310140091|Strong=4191|Type=infinitive_absolute 14 יוּמָ֔ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.be.put.to.death|Ref=EXO_31:14!10|MId=o020310140101|Strong=4191|Frame=A1:020310140081;|Type=yiqtol 15 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_31:14!11|MId=o020310140111|Strong=3588 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 dislocated _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_31:14!12|MId=o020310140121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(the).[one|Ref=EXO_31:14!13|MId=o020310140131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עֹשֶׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=who].does|Ref=EXO_31:14!13|MId=o020310140132|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:020310140151;|Type=participle_active 19-20 בָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_31:14!14|MId=o020310140141|Strong=0871a 20 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_31:14!14|MId=o020310140142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21 מְלָאכָ֔ה מְלָאכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=work|Ref=EXO_31:14!15|MId=o020310140151|Strong=4399 22-23 וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_31:14!16|MId=o020310140161|Strong=2050b 23 נִכְרְתָ֛ה כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.will.be.cut.off|Ref=EXO_31:14!16|MId=o020310140162|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:020310140172;|Type=weqatal 24-25 הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_31:14!17|MId=o020310140171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 נֶּ֥פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=person|Ref=EXO_31:14!17|MId=o020310140172|Strong=5315 26-27 הַהִ֖וא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_31:14!18|MId=o020310140181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_31:14!18|MId=o020310140182|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 28-29 מִקֶּ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_31:14!19|MId=o020310140191|Strong=4480 29 קֶּ֥רֶב קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=EXO_31:14!19|MId=o020310140192|Strong=7130 30-31 עַמֶּֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 עַמֶּֽי עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.kinspeople(s)|Ref=EXO_31:14!20|MId=o020310140201|Strong=5971a 31 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EXO_31:14!20|MId=o020310140202|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=EXO_31:14!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמַרְתֶּם *you will observe* | weqatal · qal | | שַּׁבָּת *sabbath* | | | | מְחַֽלְלֶי *\[those* | participle active · piel | | הָ *who\] profane it* | | | | יוּמָת *he will be put to death* | yiqtol · hophal | | מְחַֽלְלֶי *\[those* | | | | עֹשֶׂה *who\] does* | participle active · qal | | מְלָאכָה *work* | | | | נִכְרְתָה *it will be cut off* | weqatal · niphal | | נֶּפֶשׁ *person* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְתִטְּרוּן יָת שַׁבְּתָא אֲרֵי קוּדְשָׁא הִיא לְכוֹן מְחַלְלִנַהּ אִתְקְטָלָא יִתְקְטֵל אֲרֵי כָּל דְיַעְבֶּד בַּהּ עִבִידָא וְיִשְׁתֵּצֵי אֲנָשָׁא הַהוּא מִגוֹ עַמֵּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore, for it is holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.940/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:901`. - ← previous: [Exodus 31:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.13/) - next →: [Exodus 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.31.15/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/31/)