--- title: Exodus 34:31 — And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the cong… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him; and Moses spoke to them. Who acts: Moses, Aaron. Exodus 34:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.34.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/34/) / 34:31 # Exodus 34:31 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, Aaron · **What happens:** call, return, speak · **To what, where:** Aaron · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 34:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, Aaron — and what happens in the verse to Aaron, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ אֵלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְכָל־הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים בָּעֵדָ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ [And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him; and Moses spoke to them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.1042/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:994 # text = וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ אֵלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְכָל־הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים בָּעֵדָ֑ה וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ # verse = EXO.34.31 1-2 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_34:31!1|MId=o020340310011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=EXO_34:31!1|MId=o020340310012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:020340310031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EXO_34:31!2|MId=o020340310021|Strong=0413 4 ֵהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_34:31!2|MId=o020340310022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_34:31!3|MId=o020340310031|Strong=4872 6-7 וַיָּשֻׁ֧בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_34:31!4|MId=o020340310041|Strong=2050b 7 יָּשֻׁ֧בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.returned|Ref=EXO_34:31!4|MId=o020340310042|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:020340310061;020340310082;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 אֵלָ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֵלָ֛י אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_34:31!5|MId=o020340310051|Strong=0413 9 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EXO_34:31!5|MId=o020340310052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 אַהֲרֹ֥ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=EXO_34:31!6|MId=o020340310061|Strong=0175 11-12 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_34:31!7|MId=o020340310071|Strong=2050b 12 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_34:31!7|MId=o020340310072|Strong=3605 13-14 הַנְּשִׂאִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_34:31!8|MId=o020340310081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 נְּשִׂאִ֖ים נָשִׂיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=leaders|Ref=EXO_34:31!8|MId=o020340310082|Strong=5387 15-17 בָּעֵדָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EXO_34:31!9|MId=o020340310091|Strong=0871a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_34:31!9|MId=o020340310091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עֵדָ֑ה עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Gloss=congregation|Ref=EXO_34:31!9|MId=o020340310092|Strong=5712 18-19 וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_34:31!10|MId=o020340310101|Strong=2050b 19 יְדַבֵּ֥ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=EXO_34:31!10|MId=o020340310102|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:020340310111;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_34:31!11|MId=o020340310111|Strong=4872 21-22 אֲלֵהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_34:31!12|MId=o020340310121|Strong=0413 22 ֵהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_34:31!12|MId=o020340310122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=EXO_34:31!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יָּשֻׁבוּ *they returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + נְּשִׂאִים *leaders* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּקְרָא לְהוֹן משֶׁה וְתָבוּ לְוָתֵהּ אַהֲרֹן וְכָל רַבְרְבַיָא בִּכְנִשְׁתָּא וּמַלֵל משֶׁה עִמְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him; and Moses spoke to them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.1042/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:994`. - ← previous: [Exodus 34:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.34.30/) - next →: [Exodus 34:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.34.32/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/34/)