--- title: Exodus 4:10 — And Moses said unto the LORD: 'Oh Lord, I am not a man of words, nei… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses said unto the LORD: 'Oh Lord, I am not a man of words, neither heretofore, nor since Thou hast spoken unto Thy servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.' Who acts: Moses, I, Thou. Exodus 4:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/) / 4:10 # Exodus 4:10 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, I, Thou · **What happens:** say, not be, speak, be · **To what, where:** man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, I, Thou — and what happens in the verse to man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָה֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵאָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְךָאֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי׃ [And Moses said unto the LORD: 'Oh Lord, I am not a man of words, neither heretofore, nor since Thou hast spoken unto Thy servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.88/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:78 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָה֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵאָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְךָאֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי׃ # verse = EXO.4.10 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:10!1|MId=o020040100011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_4:10!1|MId=o020040100012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020040100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁ֣ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_4:10!2|MId=o020040100021|Strong=4872 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:10!3|MId=o020040100031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_4:10!4|MId=o020040100041|Strong=3068 6 בִּ֣י בִּי INTJ _ _ 10 discourse _ Gloss=pardon.me|Ref=EXO_4:10!5|MId=o020040100051|Strong=0994|Type=exhortation 7-8 אֲדֹנָי֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 dislocated _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EXO_4:10!6|MId=o020040100061|Strong=0136 8 ָי֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_4:10!6|MId=o020040100062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 לֹא֩ לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_4:10!7|MId=o020040100071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10 אִ֨ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].a.man|Ref=EXO_4:10!8|MId=o020040100081|Strong=0376 11 דְּבָרִ֜ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.words|Ref=EXO_4:10!9|MId=o020040100091|Strong=1697 12 אָנֹ֗כִי אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_4:10!10|MId=o020040100101|Strong=0595|Type=personal 13 גַּ֤ם גַּם ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=neither|Ref=EXO_4:10!11|MId=o020040100111|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 14-15 מִתְּמוֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_4:10!12|MId=o020040100121|Strong=4480 15 תְּמוֹל֙ תְּמוֹל ADV _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=yesterday|Ref=EXO_4:10!12|MId=o020040100122|Strong=8543 16 גַּ֣ם גַּם ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=nor|Ref=EXO_4:10!13|MId=o020040100131|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 17-18 מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_4:10!14|MId=o020040100141|Strong=4480 18 שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם שִׁלְשֹׁום ADV _ _ 15 conj _ Gloss=three.days.ago|Ref=EXO_4:10!14|MId=o020040100142|Strong=8032 19 גַּ֛ם גַּם ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=nor|Ref=EXO_4:10!15|MId=o020040100151|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 20-21 מֵאָ֥ז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_4:10!16|MId=o020040100161|Strong=4480 21 אָ֥ז אָז ADV _ _ 15 conj _ Gloss=then|Ref=EXO_4:10!16|MId=o020040100162|Strong=0227 22-24 דַּבֶּרְךָאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 דַּבֶּר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 21 acl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:10!17|MId=o020040100171|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:020040100172;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 ְךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=to.speak|Ref=EXO_4:10!17|MId=o020040100172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:10!18|MId=o020040100181|Strong=0413 25-26 עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=servant|Ref=EXO_4:10!19|MId=o020040100191|Strong=5650 26 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_4:10!19|MId=o020040100192|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_4:10!20|MId=o020040100201|Strong=3588 28 כְבַד־ כָּבֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 advcl _ Gloss=[am].heavy|Ref=EXO_4:10!21|MId=o020040100211|Strong=3515|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 29 פֶּ֛ה פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.mouth|Ref=EXO_4:10!22|MId=o020040100221|Strong=6310 30-31 וּכְבַ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:10!23|MId=o020040100231|Strong=2050b 31 כְבַ֥ד כָּבֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=heavy|Ref=EXO_4:10!23|MId=o020040100232|Strong=3515|Type=adjective 32 לָשׁ֖וֹן לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.tongue|Ref=EXO_4:10!24|MId=o020040100241|Strong=3956 33 אָנֹֽכִי אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_4:10!25|MId=o020040100251|Strong=0595|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EXO_4:10!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | דַּבֶּר *you* | infinitive construct · piel | ְךָ *to speak* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר משֶׁה קֳדָם יְיָ בְּבָעוּ יְיָ לָא גְבַר דְמִלוּל אֲנָא אַף מִתְּמַלִי אַף מִדְקָמוֹהִי אַף מֵעִדַן דְמַלֶלְתָּא עִם עַבְדָךְ אֲרֵי יַקִיר מַמְלָל וְעַמִיק לִישָׁן אֲנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses said unto the LORD: 'Oh Lord, I am not a man of words, neither heretofore, nor since Thou hast spoken unto Thy servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.88/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:78`. - ← previous: [Exodus 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.9/) - next →: [Exodus 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/)