--- title: Exodus 4:16 — And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people; and it shall come to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people; and it shall come to pass, that he shall be to thee a mouth, and thou shalt be to him in God's stead. Who acts: lord, spokesman, thou. Exodus 4:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/) / 4:16 # Exodus 4:16 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** lord, spokesman, thou · **What happens:** be, come, pass · **To what, where:** spokesman, mouth, stead This is Exodus 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lord, spokesman, thou — and what happens in the verse to spokesman, mouth, stead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְדִבֶּר־ה֥וּא לְךָ֖ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה הוּא֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֣ לְפֶ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃ [And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people; and it shall come to pass, that he shall be to thee a mouth, and thou shalt be to him in God's stead.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.96/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:84 # text = וְדִבֶּר־ה֥וּא לְךָ֖ אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה הוּא֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לְּךָ֣ לְפֶ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = EXO.4.16 1-2 וְדִבֶּר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:16!1|MId=o020040160011|Strong=2050b 2 דִבֶּר־ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.speak|Ref=EXO_4:16!1|MId=o020040160012|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:020040160021;|Type=weqatal 3 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_4:16!2|MId=o020040160021|Strong=1931|Type=personal 4-5 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_4:16!3|MId=o020040160031|Strong=3807a 5 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:16!3|MId=o020040160032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:16!4|MId=o020040160041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_4:16!5|MId=o020040160051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_4:16!5|MId=o020040160052|Strong=5971 9-10 וְהָ֤יָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:16!6|MId=o020040160061|Strong=2050b 10 הָ֤יָה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=EXO_4:16!6|MId=o020040160062|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 11 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_4:16!7|MId=o020040160071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 12 יִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 cop _ Gloss=he.will.become|Ref=EXO_4:16!8|MId=o020040160081|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020040160071;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 לְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_4:16!9|MId=o020040160091|Strong=3807a 14 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:16!9|MId=o020040160092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְפֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=EXO_4:16!10|MId=o020040160101|Strong=3807a 16 פֶ֔ה פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=EXO_4:16!10|MId=o020040160102|Strong=6310 17-18 וְאַתָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:16!11|MId=o020040160111|Strong=2050b 18 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:16!11|MId=o020040160112|Strong=0859|Type=personal 19 תִּֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 23 cop _ Gloss=you.will.become|Ref=EXO_4:16!12|MId=o020040160121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020040160112;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 לּ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_4:16!13|MId=o020040160131|Strong=3807a 21 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EXO_4:16!13|MId=o020040160132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 לֵֽאלֹהִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לֵֽ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=EXO_4:16!14|MId=o020040160141|Strong=3807a 23 אלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=god|Ref=EXO_4:16!14|MId=o020040160142|Strong=0430 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EXO_4:16!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דִבֶּר־ *he will speak* | weqatal · piel | הוּא *he* | | | | | יִֽהְיֶה־ *he will become* | yiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | תִּֽהְיֶה־ *you will become* | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִימַלֵל הוּא לָךְ לְעַמָא וִיהֵי הוּא יְהֵי לָךְ לִמְתֻרְגְמָן וְאַתְּ תְּהֵי לֵהּ לְרָב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people; and it shall come to pass, that he shall be to thee a mouth, and thou shalt be to him in God's stead.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.96/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:84`. - ← previous: [Exodus 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.15/) - next →: [Exodus 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.17/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/)