--- title: Exodus 4:18 — And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said un… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said unto him: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren that are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive.' And Jethro said to Moses: 'Go in peace.' Who acts: Moses, me, I, brethren. Exodus 4:18 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/) / 4:18 # Exodus 4:18 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, me, I, brethren, Jethro · **What happens:** go, return, say, let, pray, be · **To what, where:** Jethro, me, thee, Egypt, Moses, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, me, I, brethren, Jethro — and what happens in the verse to Jethro, me, thee, Egypt, Moses, peace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיָּ֣שָׁב ׀ אֶל־יֶ֣תֶר חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣י אֲשֶׁר־בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם חַיִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִתְר֛וֹ לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ [And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said unto him: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren that are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive.' And Jethro said to Moses: 'Go in peace.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.98/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:86 # text = וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיָּ֣שָׁב ׀ אֶל־יֶ֣תֶר חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣י אֲשֶׁר־בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם חַיִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִתְר֛וֹ לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ # verse = EXO.4.18 1-2 וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:18!1|MId=o020040180011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=EXO_4:18!1|MId=o020040180012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020040180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁ֜ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_4:18!2|MId=o020040180021|Strong=4872 4-5 וַיָּ֣שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:18!3|MId=o020040180031|Strong=2050b 5 יָּ֣שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=EXO_4:18!3|MId=o020040180032|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:020040180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=EXO_4:18!3 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:18!4|MId=o020040180041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 יֶ֣תֶר יֶתֶר PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=Jethro|Ref=EXO_4:18!5|MId=o020040180051|Strong=3500 9-10 חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 חֹֽתְנ חֹתֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=father-in-law|Ref=EXO_4:18!6|MId=o020040180061|Strong=2859a|Type=participle_active 10 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_4:18!6|MId=o020040180062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:18!7|MId=o020040180071|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_4:18!7|MId=o020040180072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020040180021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:18!8|MId=o020040180081|Strong=3807a 14 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EXO_4:18!8|MId=o020040180082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 אֵ֣לֲכָה הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 ccomp _ Gloss=let.me.go|Ref=EXO_4:18!9|MId=o020040180091|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020040180021;|Type=cohortative 16 נָּ֗א נָא INTJ _ _ 15 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=EXO_4:18!10|MId=o020040180101|Strong=4994|Type=interjection 17-18 וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_4:18!11|MId=o020040180111|Strong=2050b 18 אָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=that.I.may.return|Ref=EXO_4:18!11|MId=o020040180112|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:020040180021;|Type=cohortative 19 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:18!12|MId=o020040180121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 אַחַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אַח אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=relatives|Ref=EXO_4:18!13|MId=o020040180131|Strong=0251 21 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_4:18!13|MId=o020040180132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EXO_4:18!14|MId=o020040180141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=EXO_4:18!15|MId=o020040180151|Strong=0871a 24 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_4:18!15|MId=o020040180152|Strong=4714 25-26 וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:18!16|MId=o020040180161|Strong=2050b 26 אֶרְאֶ֖ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 15 conj _ Gloss=so.that.I.may.see|Ref=EXO_4:18!16|MId=o020040180162|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020040180021;A1:020040180181;|Type=yiqtol 27-29 הַעוֹדָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=[are]|Ref=EXO_4:18!17|MId=o020040180171|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 28 עוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=EXO_4:18!17|MId=o020040180172|Strong=5750 29 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ Gloss=they?|Ref=EXO_4:18!17|MId=o020040180173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 חַיִּ֑ים חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 ccomp _ Gloss=living|Ref=EXO_4:18!18|MId=o020040180181|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 31-32 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:18!19|MId=o020040180191|Strong=2050b 32 יֹּ֧אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_4:18!19|MId=o020040180192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020040180201;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 יִתְר֛וֹ יִתְרוֹ PROPN _ _ 32 nsubj _ Gloss=Jethro|Ref=EXO_4:18!20|MId=o020040180201|Strong=3503 34-35 לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:18!21|MId=o020040180211|Strong=3807a 35 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_4:18!21|MId=o020040180212|Strong=4872 36 לֵ֥ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 32 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=EXO_4:18!22|MId=o020040180221|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020040180212;|Type=imperative 37-38 לְשָׁלֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:18!23|MId=o020040180231|Strong=3807a 38 שָׁלֽוֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=peace|Ref=EXO_4:18!23|MId=o020040180232|Strong=7965 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=EXO_4:18!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יָּשָׁב *he returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | אֵלֲכָה *let me go* | cohortative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | אָשׁוּבָה *that I may return* | cohortative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | אֶרְאֶה *so that I may see* | yiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | חַיִּים *living* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִתְרוֹ *Jethro* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲזַל משֶׁה וְתָב לְוָת יֶתֶר חֲמוֹהִי וַאֲמַר לֵהּ אֵיזִיל כְּעַן וְאֵיתוּב לְוָת אַחַי דִי בְמִצְרַיִם וְאֶחֱזֵי הַעַד כְּעַן קַיָמִין וַאֲמַר יִתְרוֹ לְמשֶׁה אֱזֵיל לִשְׁלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said unto him: 'Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren that are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive.' And Jethro said to Moses: 'Go in peace.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.98/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:86`. - ← previous: [Exodus 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.17/) - next →: [Exodus 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.19/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/)