--- title: Exodus 4:21 — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'When thou goest back into Egypt, see… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'When thou goest back into Egypt, see that thou do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in thy hand; but I will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go. Who acts: LORD, thou, I, people. Exodus 4:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/) / 4:21 # Exodus 4:21 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, thou, I, people · **What happens:** say, go back, see, do, put, harden · **To what, where:** Egypt, wonders, hand, heart, people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 4:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, thou, I, people — and what happens in the verse to Egypt, wonders, hand, heart, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'When thou goest back into Egypt, see that thou do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in thy hand; but I will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.101/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:89 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ # verse = EXO.4.21 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:21!1|MId=o020040210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_4:21!1|MId=o020040210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020040210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_4:21!2|MId=o020040210021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:21!3|MId=o020040210031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁה֒ מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_4:21!4|MId=o020040210041|Strong=4872 6-8 בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=EXO_4:21!5|MId=o020040210051|Strong=0871a 7 לֶכְתּ הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=EXO_4:21!5|MId=o020040210052|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020040210053;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:21!5|MId=o020040210053|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9-10 לָשׁ֣וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:21!6|MId=o020040210061|Strong=3807a 10 שׁ֣וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=return|Ref=EXO_4:21!6|MId=o020040210062|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:020040210041;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 מִצְרַ֔יְמָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִצְרַ֔יְמ מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_4:21!7|MId=o020040210071|Strong=4714 12 ָה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_4:21!7|MId=o020040210072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 13 רְאֵ֗ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=see|Ref=EXO_4:21!8|MId=o020040210081|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020040210041;A1:020040210102;|Type=imperative 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_4:21!9|MId=o020040210091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_4:21!10|MId=o020040210101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מֹּֽפְתִים֙ מוֹפֵת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=wonders|Ref=EXO_4:21!10|MId=o020040210102|Strong=4159 17 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_4:21!11|MId=o020040210111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 18 שַׂ֣מְתִּי שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.have.put|Ref=EXO_4:21!12|MId=o020040210121|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:020040210021;A1:020040210102;|Type=qatal 19-21 בְיָדֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_4:21!13|MId=o020040210131|Strong=0871a 20 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EXO_4:21!13|MId=o020040210132|Strong=3027 21 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_4:21!13|MId=o020040210133|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22-24 וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:21!14|MId=o020040210141|Strong=2050b 23 עֲשִׂיתָ֖ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 13 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_4:21!14|MId=o020040210142|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020040210041;A1:020040210143;|Type=qatal 24 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=will.do.them|Ref=EXO_4:21!14|MId=o020040210143|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_4:21!15|MId=o020040210151|Strong=3807a 26 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 23 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_4:21!15|MId=o020040210152|Strong=6440 27 פַרְעֹ֑ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_4:21!16|MId=o020040210161|Strong=6547 28-29 וַאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:21!17|MId=o020040210171|Strong=2050b 29 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_4:21!17|MId=o020040210172|Strong=0589|Type=personal 30 אֲחַזֵּ֣ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 13 conj _ Gloss=I.will.make.strong|Ref=EXO_4:21!18|MId=o020040210181|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:020040210172;A1:020040210201;|Type=yiqtol 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_4:21!19|MId=o020040210191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 לִבּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=EXO_4:21!20|MId=o020040210201|Strong=3820 33 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_4:21!20|MId=o020040210202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_4:21!21|MId=o020040210211|Strong=2050b 35 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_4:21!21|MId=o020040210212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 36 יְשַׁלַּ֖ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=he.will.let.go|Ref=EXO_4:21!22|MId=o020040210221|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020040210161;A1:020040210242;|Type=yiqtol 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_4:21!23|MId=o020040210231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_4:21!24|MId=o020040210241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_4:21!24|MId=o020040210242|Strong=5971 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EXO_4:21!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | לֶכְתּ *go* | infinitive construct · qal | ְךָ *you* | | | | | שׁוּב *return* | infinitive construct · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | מֹּֽפְתִים *wonders* | | | | שַׂמְתִּי *I have put* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מֹּֽפְתִים *wonders* | | | | עֲשִׂיתָ *you* | qatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | ם *will do them* | | | | אֲחַזֵּק *I will make strong* | yiqtol · piel | אֲנִי *I* | לִבּ *heart* | | | | **not** יְשַׁלַּח *he will let go* | yiqtol · piel | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | עָֽם *people* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה בִּמְהָכָךְ לְמִתּוּב לְמִצְרַיִם חֲזֵי כָּל מוֹפְתַיָא דִי שַׁוֵיתִי בִידָךְ וְתַעְבְּדִנוּן קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה וַאֲנָא אַתְקֵיף יָת לִבֵּהּ וְלָא יְשַּׁלַח יָת עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'When thou goest back into Egypt, see that thou do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in thy hand; but I will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.101/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:89`. - ← previous: [Exodus 4:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.20/) - next →: [Exodus 4:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.22/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/4/)