--- title: Exodus 7:19 — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and str… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/) / 7:19 # Exodus 7:19 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, people, blood · **What happens:** say, take, stretch out, become, be · **To what, where:** rod, hand, waters, blood, vessels · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 7:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, people, blood — and what happens in the verse to rod, hand, waters, blood, vessels, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים׃ [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.196/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:171 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים׃ # verse = EXO.7.19 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!1|MId=o020070190011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_7:19!1|MId=o020070190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020070190021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_7:19!2|MId=o020070190021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_7:19!3|MId=o020070190031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֗ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_7:19!4|MId=o020070190041|Strong=4872 6 אֱמֹ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=say|Ref=EXO_7:19!5|MId=o020070190051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020070190041;|Type=imperative 7 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_7:19!6|MId=o020070190061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 אַהֲרֹ֡ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=EXO_7:19!7|MId=o020070190071|Strong=0175 9 קַ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 ccomp _ Gloss=take|Ref=EXO_7:19!8|MId=o020070190081|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:020070190071;A1:020070190091;|Type=imperative 10-11 מַטְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מַטּ מַטֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=EXO_7:19!9|MId=o020070190091|Strong=4294 11 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_7:19!9|MId=o020070190092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-13 וּנְטֵֽה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!10|MId=o020070190101|Strong=2050b 13 נְטֵֽה־ נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 conj _ Gloss=stretch.out|Ref=EXO_7:19!10|MId=o020070190102|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:020070190071;A1:020070190111;|Type=imperative 14-15 יָדְךָ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EXO_7:19!11|MId=o020070190111|Strong=3027 15 ְךָ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EXO_7:19!11|MId=o020070190112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_7:19!12|MId=o020070190121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 מֵימֵ֨י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=the.waters|Ref=EXO_7:19!13|MId=o020070190131|Strong=4325 18 מִצְרַ֜יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_7:19!14|MId=o020070190141|Strong=4714 19 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_7:19!15|MId=o020070190151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נַהֲרֹת נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nmod _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=EXO_7:19!16|MId=o020070190161|Strong=5104 21 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_7:19!16|MId=o020070190162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EXO_7:19!16 23 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_7:19!17|MId=o020070190171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 יְאֹרֵי יְאֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=canals|Ref=EXO_7:19!18|MId=o020070190181|Strong=2975 25 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_7:19!18|MId=o020070190182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!19|MId=o020070190191|Strong=2050b 27 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_7:19!19|MId=o020070190192|Strong=5921 28-29 אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אַגְמֵי אֲגַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 conj _ Gloss=pools|Ref=EXO_7:19!20|MId=o020070190201|Strong=0098 29 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_7:19!20|MId=o020070190202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְעַ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!21|MId=o020070190211|Strong=2050b 31 עַ֛ל עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_7:19!21|MId=o020070190212|Strong=5921 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EXO_7:19!22|MId=o020070190221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 33 מִקְוֵ֥ה מִקְוֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).collecting.place|Ref=EXO_7:19!23|MId=o020070190231|Strong=4723a 34-35 מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מֵימֵי מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.water|Ref=EXO_7:19!24|MId=o020070190241|Strong=4325 35 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_7:19!24|MId=o020070190242|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36-37 וְיִֽהְיוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_7:19!25|MId=o020070190251|Strong=2050b 37 יִֽהְיוּ־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 38 cop _ Gloss=that.they.may.become|Ref=EXO_7:19!25|MId=o020070190252|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020070190131;|Type=yiqtol 38 דָ֑ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EXO_7:19!26|MId=o020070190261|Strong=1818 39-40 וְהָ֤יָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!27|MId=o020070190271|Strong=2050b 40 הָ֤יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 43 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=EXO_7:19!27|MId=o020070190272|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020070190281;|Type=weqatal 41 דָם֙ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EXO_7:19!28|MId=o020070190281|Strong=1818 42-43 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_7:19!29|MId=o020070190291|Strong=0871a 43 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_7:19!29|MId=o020070190292|Strong=3605 44 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_7:19!30|MId=o020070190301|Strong=0776 45 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_7:19!31|MId=o020070190311|Strong=4714 46-49 וּבָעֵצִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!32|MId=o020070190321|Strong=2050b 47 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_7:19!32|MId=o020070190322|Strong=0871a 48 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:19!32|MId=o020070190322ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 עֵצִ֖ים עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 43 conj _ Gloss=wood(s)|Ref=EXO_7:19!32|MId=o020070190323|Strong=6086 50-53 וּבָאֲבָנִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 53 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:19!33|MId=o020070190331|Strong=2050b 51 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 53 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_7:19!33|MId=o020070190332|Strong=0871a 52 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 53 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:19!33|MId=o020070190332ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 53 אֲבָנִֽים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 43 conj _ Gloss=stone(s)|Ref=EXO_7:19!33|MId=o020070190333|Strong=0068 54 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 53 punct _ Ref=EXO_7:19!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | אֱמֹר *say* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | קַח *take* | imperative · qal | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* | מַטּ *staff* | | | | נְטֵֽה־ *stretch out* | imperative · qal | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* | יָד *hand* | | | | יִֽהְיוּ־ *that they may become* | yiqtol · qal | מֵימֵי *the waters* | | | | | הָיָה *it will be* | weqatal · qal | דָם *blood* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה אֱמַר לְאַהֲרֹן טּוֹל חֻטְרָךְ וַאֲרֵים יְדָךְ עַל מַיָא דְמִצְרַיִם עַל נַהֲרֵיהוֹן עַל אֲרִתֵּיהוֹן וְעַל אַגְמֵיהוֹן וְעַל כָּל בֵּית כְּנִישׁוּת מֵימֵיהוֹן וִיהוֹן דְמָא וִיהֵי דְמָא בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם וּבְמָנֵי אָעָא וּבְמָנֵי אַבְנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.196/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:171`. - ← previous: [Exodus 7:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.18/) - next →: [Exodus 7:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.20/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/)