--- title: Exodus 7:20 — And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood. Who acts: Moses, LORD, waters. Exodus 7:20 in Hebrew wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/) / 7:20 # Exodus 7:20 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, LORD, waters · **What happens:** do, command, lift up, smite, be, turn · **To what, where:** rod, waters, sight, river, blood, Pharaoh · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 7:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, LORD, waters — and what happens in the verse to rod, waters, sight, river, blood, Pharaoh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם׃ [And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.197/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:172 # text = וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם׃ # verse = EXO.7.20 1-2 וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!1|MId=o020070200011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.did|Ref=EXO_7:20!1|MId=o020070200012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020070200031;020070200042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כֵן֩ כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_7:20!2|MId=o020070200021|Strong=3651 4 מֹשֶׁ֨ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_7:20!3|MId=o020070200031|Strong=4872 5-6 וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!4|MId=o020070200041|Strong=2050b 6 אַהֲרֹ֜ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=EXO_7:20!4|MId=o020070200042|Strong=0175 7-8 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=EXO_7:20!5|MId=o020070200051|Strong=3509a 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=EXO_7:20!5|MId=o020070200052|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=EXO_7:20!5 10 צִוָּ֣ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=EXO_7:20!6|MId=o020070200061|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:020070200071;|Type=qatal 11 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_7:20!7|MId=o020070200071|Strong=3068 12-13 וַיָּ֤רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!8|MId=o020070200081|Strong=2050b 13 יָּ֤רֶם רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.raised|Ref=EXO_7:20!8|MId=o020070200082|Strong=7311|Frame=A0:020070200042;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-16 בַּמַּטֶּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EXO_7:20!9|MId=o020070200091|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:20!9|MId=o020070200091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מַּטֶּה֙ מַטֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=staff|Ref=EXO_7:20!9|MId=o020070200092|Strong=4294 17-18 וַיַּ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!10|MId=o020070200101|Strong=2050b 18 יַּ֤ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=he.struck|Ref=EXO_7:20!10|MId=o020070200102|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:020070200042;A0:020070200122;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_7:20!11|MId=o020070200111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַמַּ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:20!12|MId=o020070200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=EXO_7:20!12|MId=o020070200122|Strong=4325 22 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_7:20!13|MId=o020070200131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23-25 בַּיְאֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=EXO_7:20!14|MId=o020070200141|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:20!14|MId=o020070200141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יְאֹ֔ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=River|Ref=EXO_7:20!14|MId=o020070200142|Strong=2975 26-27 לְעֵינֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_7:20!15|MId=o020070200151|Strong=3807a 27 עֵינֵ֣י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 18 obl _ Gloss=the.eyes|Ref=EXO_7:20!15|MId=o020070200152|Strong=5869 28 פַרְעֹ֔ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_7:20!16|MId=o020070200161|Strong=6547 29-31 וּלְעֵינֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!17|MId=o020070200171|Strong=2050b 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_7:20!17|MId=o020070200172|Strong=3807a 31 עֵינֵ֖י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 27 conj _ Gloss=the.eyes|Ref=EXO_7:20!17|MId=o020070200173|Strong=5869 32-33 עֲבָדָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 עֲבָדָ֑י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.servants|Ref=EXO_7:20!18|MId=o020070200181|Strong=5650 33 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_7:20!18|MId=o020070200182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:20!19|MId=o020070200191|Strong=2050b 35 יֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.changed|Ref=EXO_7:20!19|MId=o020070200192|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:020070200212;|Type=wayyiqtol 36 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_7:20!20|MId=o020070200201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 הַמַּ֥יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:20!21|MId=o020070200211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 מַּ֥יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=water|Ref=EXO_7:20!21|MId=o020070200212|Strong=4325 39 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_7:20!22|MId=o020070200221|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 40-42 בַּיְאֹ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=EXO_7:20!23|MId=o020070200231|Strong=0871a 41 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:20!23|MId=o020070200231ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 יְאֹ֖ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=River|Ref=EXO_7:20!23|MId=o020070200232|Strong=2975 43-44 לְדָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=EXO_7:20!24|MId=o020070200241|Strong=3807a 44 דָֽם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EXO_7:20!24|MId=o020070200242|Strong=1818 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=EXO_7:20!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּֽעֲשׂוּ־ *they did* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* + אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* | | | | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יָּרֶם *he raised* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* | | | | | יַּךְ *he struck* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מַּיִם *water* | | | אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* | | יֵּהָֽפְכוּ *they were changed* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מַּיִם *water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַעֲבָדוּ כֵן משֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן כְּמָא דְפַקֵיד יְיָ וַאֲרֵים בְּחֻטְרָא וּמְחָא יָת מַיָא דִי בְנַהֲרָא לְעֵינֵי פַּרְעֹה וּלְעֵינֵי עַבְדוֹהִי וְאִתְהַפִיכוּ כָּל מַיָא דִי בְנַהֲרָא לִדְמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.197/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:172`. - ← previous: [Exodus 7:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.19/) - next →: [Exodus 7:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.21/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/)