--- title: Exodus 7:21 — And the fish that were in the river died; and the river became foul,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the fish that were in the river died; and the river became foul, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river; and the blood was throughout all the land of Egypt. Who acts: fish, river, Egyptians, blood. Exodus 7:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/) / 7:21 # Exodus 7:21 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** fish, river, Egyptians, blood · **What happens:** be, die, become, not drink · **To what, where:** river, water This is Exodus 7:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fish, river, Egyptians, blood — and what happens in the verse to river, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [And the fish that were in the river died; and the river became foul, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river; and the blood was throughout all the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.198/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:173 # text = וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.7.21 1-3 וְהַדָּגָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:21!1|MId=o020070210011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:21!1|MId=o020070210012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 דָּגָ֨ה דָּגָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=fish|Ref=EXO_7:21!1|MId=o020070210013|Strong=1710 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_7:21!2|MId=o020070210021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 5-7 בַּיְאֹ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=EXO_7:21!3|MId=o020070210031|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:21!3|MId=o020070210031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יְאֹ֥ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=River|Ref=EXO_7:21!3|MId=o020070210032|Strong=2975 8 מֵ֙תָה֙ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.died|Ref=EXO_7:21!4|MId=o020070210041|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:020070210013;|Type=qatal 9-10 וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:21!5|MId=o020070210051|Strong=2050b 10 יִּבְאַ֣שׁ בָּאַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.stank|Ref=EXO_7:21!5|MId=o020070210052|Strong=0887|Frame=A0:020070210062;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 הַיְאֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:21!6|MId=o020070210061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יְאֹ֔ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=River|Ref=EXO_7:21!6|MId=o020070210062|Strong=2975 13-14 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:21!7|MId=o020070210071|Strong=2050b 14 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_7:21!7|MId=o020070210072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 15 יָכְל֣וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=EXO_7:21!8|MId=o020070210081|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:020070210091;|Type=qatal 16 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_7:21!9|MId=o020070210091|Strong=4714 17-18 לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_7:21!10|MId=o020070210101|Strong=3807a 18 שְׁתּ֥וֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 xcomp _ Gloss=drink|Ref=EXO_7:21!10|MId=o020070210102|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:020070210091;A1:020070210111;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 מַ֖יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=EXO_7:21!11|MId=o020070210111|Strong=4325 20 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_7:21!12|MId=o020070210121|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַיְאֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:21!13|MId=o020070210131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יְאֹ֑ר יְאֹר PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=River|Ref=EXO_7:21!13|MId=o020070210132|Strong=2975 23-24 וַיְהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_7:21!14|MId=o020070210141|Strong=2050b 24 יְהִ֥י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EXO_7:21!14|MId=o020070210142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020070210152;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 הַדָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_7:21!15|MId=o020070210151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 דָּ֖ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EXO_7:21!15|MId=o020070210152|Strong=1818 27-28 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_7:21!16|MId=o020070210161|Strong=0871a 28 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_7:21!16|MId=o020070210162|Strong=3605 29 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_7:21!17|MId=o020070210171|Strong=0776 30 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_7:21!18|MId=o020070210181|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EXO_7:21!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵתָה *it died* | qatal · qal | דָּגָה *fish* | | | | | יִּבְאַשׁ *it stank* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְאֹר *River* | | | | | **not** יָכְלוּ *they were able* | qatal · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | מַיִם *water* | | | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּם *blood* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְנוּנֵי דִי בְנַהֲרָא מִיתוּ וּסְרִי נַהֲרָא וְלָא יְכִילוּ מִצְרָאֵי לְמִשְׁתֵּי מַיָא מִן נַהֲרָא וַהֲוָה דְמָא בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the fish that were in the river died; and the river became foul, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river; and the blood was throughout all the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.198/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:173`. - ← previous: [Exodus 7:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.20/) - next →: [Exodus 7:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.22/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/)