--- title: Exodus 8:14 — (8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring fort… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast. Who acts: magicians, gnats. Exodus 8:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/8/) / 8:14 # Exodus 8:14 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** magicians, gnats · **What happens:** do, bring, be · **To what, where:** gnats This is Exodus 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — magicians, gnats — and what happens in the verse to gnats, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ [(8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.220/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:195 # text = וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃ # verse = EXO.8.14 1-2 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:14!1|MId=o020080140011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲשׂוּ־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.did|Ref=EXO_8:14!1|MId=o020080140012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020080140032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כֵ֨ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EXO_8:14!2|MId=o020080140021|Strong=3651 4-5 הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:14!3|MId=o020080140031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 חַרְטֻמִּ֧ים חַרְטֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=soothsayer-priests|Ref=EXO_8:14!3|MId=o020080140032|Strong=2748 6-8 בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EXO_8:14!4|MId=o020080140041|Strong=0871a 7 לָטֵי לָט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=enchantments|Ref=EXO_8:14!4|MId=o020080140042|Strong=3909 8 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EXO_8:14!4|MId=o020080140043|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-10 לְהוֹצִ֥יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_8:14!5|MId=o020080140051|Strong=3807a 10 הוֹצִ֥יא יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=bring.forth|Ref=EXO_8:14!5|MId=o020080140052|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:020080140032;A0:020080140072;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_8:14!6|MId=o020080140061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַכִּנִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:14!7|MId=o020080140071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 כִּנִּ֖ים כֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=gnats|Ref=EXO_8:14!7|MId=o020080140072|Strong=3654 14-15 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:14!8|MId=o020080140081|Strong=2050b 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_8:14!8|MId=o020080140082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 יָכֹ֑לוּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=EXO_8:14!9|MId=o020080140091|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:020080140032;|Type=qatal 17-18 וַתְּהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:14!10|MId=o020080140101|Strong=2050b 18 תְּהִי֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EXO_8:14!10|MId=o020080140102|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020080140112;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 הַכִּנָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:14!11|MId=o020080140111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 כִּנָּ֔ם כִּנָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=gnat[s]|Ref=EXO_8:14!11|MId=o020080140112|Strong=3654b 21-23 בָּאָדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_8:14!12|MId=o020080140121|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_8:14!12|MId=o020080140121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=EXO_8:14!12|MId=o020080140122|Strong=0120 24-27 וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:14!13|MId=o020080140131|Strong=2050b 25 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_8:14!13|MId=o020080140132|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:14!13|MId=o020080140132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 בְּהֵמָֽה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=livestock|Ref=EXO_8:14!13|MId=o020080140133|Strong=0929 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EXO_8:14!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲשׂוּ־ *they did* | wayyiqtol · qal | חַרְטֻמִּים *soothsayer-priests* | | | | | הוֹצִיא *bring forth* | infinitive construct · hiphil | כִּנִּים *gnats* | | | חַרְטֻמִּים *soothsayer-priests* | | **not** יָכֹלוּ *they were able* | qatal · qal | חַרְטֻמִּים *soothsayer-priests* | | | | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | כִּנָּם *gnat\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַעֲבָדוּ כֵן חָרָשַׁיָא בְּלַחֲשֵׁיהוֹן לְאַפָּקָא יָת קַלְמְתָא וְלָא יָכִילוּ וַהֲוַת קַלְמְתָא בַּאֲנָשָׁא וּבִבְעִירָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.220/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:195`. - ← previous: [Exodus 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.13/) - next →: [Exodus 8:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.15/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/8/)