--- title: Exodus 8:16 — (8-16) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Rise up early in the morning,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: (8-16) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him: Thus saith the LORD: Let My people go, that they may serve Me. Who acts: LORD, people. Exodus 8:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/8/) / 8:16 # Exodus 8:16 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, people · **What happens:** say, rise up, stand, come, let, go · **To what, where:** Pharaoh, water, people, Me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 8:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, people — and what happens in the verse to Pharaoh, water, people, Me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה יוֹצֵ֣א הַמָּ֑יְמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ [(8-16) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him: Thus saith the LORD: Let My people go, that they may serve Me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.222/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:197 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה יוֹצֵ֣א הַמָּ֑יְמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃ # verse = EXO.8.16 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:16!1|MId=o020080160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_8:16!1|MId=o020080160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020080160021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_8:16!2|MId=o020080160021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_8:16!3|MId=o020080160031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֗ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_8:16!4|MId=o020080160041|Strong=4872 6 הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=rise.early|Ref=EXO_8:16!5|MId=o020080160051|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:020080160041;|Type=imperative 7-9 בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_8:16!6|MId=o020080160061|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:16!6|MId=o020080160061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 בֹּ֙קֶר֙ בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=EXO_8:16!6|MId=o020080160062|Strong=1242 10-11 וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:16!7|MId=o020080160071|Strong=2050b 11 הִתְיַצֵּב֙ יָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=present.yourself|Ref=EXO_8:16!7|MId=o020080160072|Strong=3320|Frame=A0:020080160041;|Type=imperative 12-13 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_8:16!8|MId=o020080160081|Strong=3807a 13 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_8:16!8|MId=o020080160082|Strong=6440 14 פַרְעֹ֔ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_8:16!9|MId=o020080160091|Strong=6547 15 הִנֵּ֖ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=EXO_8:16!10|MId=o020080160101|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 16 יוֹצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=[he.is].going.out|Ref=EXO_8:16!11|MId=o020080160111|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:020080160091;|Type=participle_active 17-19 הַמָּ֑יְמָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_8:16!12|MId=o020080160121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מָּ֑יְמ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_8:16!12|MId=o020080160122|Strong=4325 19 ָה ה X _ _ 18 nmod _ Gloss=water|Ref=EXO_8:16!12|MId=o020080160123|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 20-21 וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_8:16!13|MId=o020080160131|Strong=2050b 21 אָמַרְתָּ֣ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=EXO_8:16!13|MId=o020080160132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020080160041;|Type=weqatal 22-23 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_8:16!14|MId=o020080160141|Strong=0413 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EXO_8:16!14|MId=o020080160142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EXO_8:16!15|MId=o020080160151|Strong=3541 25 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EXO_8:16!16|MId=o020080160161|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020080160171;|Type=qatal 26 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_8:16!17|MId=o020080160171|Strong=3068 27 שַׁלַּ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 25 ccomp _ Gloss=let.go|Ref=EXO_8:16!18|MId=o020080160181|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:020080160091;A1:020080160191;|Type=imperative 28-29 עַמִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_8:16!19|MId=o020080160191|Strong=5971 29 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_8:16!19|MId=o020080160192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-32 וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=EXO_8:16!20|MId=o020080160201|Strong=2050b 31 יַֽעַבְדֻֽ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 27 conj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EXO_8:16!20|MId=o020080160202|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:020080160191;A1:020080160203;|Type=yiqtol 32 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=they.may.serve.me|Ref=EXO_8:16!20|MId=o020080160203|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EXO_8:16!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הַשְׁכֵּם *rise early* | imperative · hiphil | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | הִתְיַצֵּב *present yourself* | imperative · hithpael | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | יוֹצֵא *\[he is\] going out* | participle active · qal | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | שַׁלַּח *let go* | imperative · piel | פַרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | עַמּ *people* | | | | יַֽעַבְדֻֽ *that* | yiqtol · qal | עַמּ *people* | נִי *they may serve me* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה אַקְדֵם בְּצַפְרָא וְאִתְעַתַּד קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה הָא נָפֵק לְמַיָא וְתֵימַר לֵהּ כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ שַׁלַח עַמִי וְיִפְלְחוּן קֳדָמָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [(8-16) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him: Thus saith the LORD: Let My people go, that they may serve Me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.222/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:197`. - ← previous: [Exodus 8:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.15/) - next →: [Exodus 8:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.17/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/8/)