--- title: Exodus 9:23 — And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt. Who acts: Moses, LORD, fire. Exodus 9:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/9/) / 9:23 # Exodus 9:23 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Moses, LORD, fire · **What happens:** stretch, send, run down, cause, hail · **To what, where:** rod, thunder This is Exodus 9:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Moses, LORD, fire — and what happens in the verse to rod, thunder, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.258/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:232 # text = וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.9.23 1-2 וַיֵּ֨ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_9:23!1|MId=o020090230011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨ט נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.stretched.out|Ref=EXO_9:23!1|MId=o020090230012|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:020090230021;A1:020090230041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מֹשֶׁ֣ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_9:23!2|MId=o020090230021|Strong=4872 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_9:23!3|MId=o020090230031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 מַטֵּהוּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מַטּ מַטֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=EXO_9:23!4|MId=o020090230041|Strong=4294 6 ֵהוּ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_9:23!4|MId=o020090230042|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_9:23!5|MId=o020090230051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_9:23!6|MId=o020090230061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 שָּׁמַיִם֒ שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=EXO_9:23!6|MId=o020090230062|Strong=8064 10-11 וַֽיהוָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_9:23!7|MId=o020090230071|Strong=2050b 11 יהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_9:23!7|MId=o020090230072|Strong=3068 12 נָתַ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=EXO_9:23!8|MId=o020090230081|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:020090230072;A1:020090230091;020090230102;|Type=qatal 13 קֹלֹת֙ קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=thunder.claps|Ref=EXO_9:23!9|MId=o020090230091|Strong=6963 14-15 וּבָרָ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_9:23!10|MId=o020090230101|Strong=2050b 15 בָרָ֔ד בָּרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=hail|Ref=EXO_9:23!10|MId=o020090230102|Strong=1259 16-17 וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_9:23!11|MId=o020090230111|Strong=2050b 17 תִּ֥הֲלַךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.went|Ref=EXO_9:23!11|MId=o020090230112|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020090230121;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 אֵ֖שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=EXO_9:23!12|MId=o020090230121|Strong=0784 19-20 אָ֑רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אָ֑רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=EXO_9:23!13|MId=o020090230131|Strong=0776 20 ָה ה X _ _ 19 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=EXO_9:23!13|MId=o020090230132|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 21-22 וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_9:23!14|MId=o020090230141|Strong=2050b 22 יַּמְטֵ֧ר מָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.rained.down|Ref=EXO_9:23!14|MId=o020090230142|Strong=4305|Frame=AA:020090230151;A0:020090230161;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_9:23!15|MId=o020090230151|Strong=3068 24 בָּרָ֖ד בָּרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=hail|Ref=EXO_9:23!16|MId=o020090230161|Strong=1259 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_9:23!17|MId=o020090230171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_9:23!18|MId=o020090230181|Strong=0776 27 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_9:23!19|MId=o020090230191|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EXO_9:23!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּט *he stretched out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | מַטּ *staff* | | | | נָתַן *he gave* | qatal · qal | יהוָה *Yahweh* | קֹלֹת *thunder claps* + בָרָד *hail* | | | | תִּהֲלַךְ *it went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֵשׁ *fire* | | | | | יַּמְטֵר *he rained down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | בָּרָד *hail* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲרֵים משֶׁה יָת חֻטְרֵהּ עַל צֵית שְׁמַיָא וַיְיָ יְהַב קָלִין וּבַרְדָא וּמְהַלְכָא אֶשָׁתָא עַל אַרְעָא וְאַמְטַר יְיָ בַּרְדָא עַל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.258/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:232`. - ← previous: [Exodus 9:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.22/) - next →: [Exodus 9:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.24/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/9/)