--- title: Genesis 1:12 — And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind; and God saw that it was good. Who acts: earth, herb, tree, God. Genesis 1:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/) / 1:12 # Genesis 1:12 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** earth, herb, tree, God · **What happens:** bring, yield, bearing, be, see · **To what, where:** grass, seed, fruit · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 1:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, herb, tree, God — and what happens in the verse to grass, seed, fruit, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב מַזְרִ֤יעַ זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְעֵ֧ץ עֹֽשֶׂה־פְּרִ֛יאֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ [And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind; and God saw that it was good.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.13/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:11 # text = וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב מַזְרִ֤יעַ זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְעֵ֧ץ עֹֽשֶׂה־פְּרִ֛יאֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃ # verse = GEN.1.12 1-2 וַתּוֹצֵ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:12!1|MId=o010010120011|Strong=2050b 2 תּוֹצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.brought.forth|Ref=GEN_1:12!1|MId=o010010120012|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:010010120022;A0:010010120031;010010120041;010010120082;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאָ֜רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:12!2|MId=o010010120021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֜רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1:12!2|MId=o010010120022|Strong=0776 5 דֶּ֠שֶׁא דֶּשֶׁא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=vegetation|Ref=GEN_1:12!3|MId=o010010120031|Strong=1877 6 עֵ֣שֶׂב עֵשֶׂב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=plant[s]|Ref=GEN_1:12!4|MId=o010010120041|Strong=6212 7 מַזְרִ֤יעַ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[which].bears.seed|Ref=GEN_1:12!5|MId=o010010120051|Strong=2232|Frame=AA:010010120041;A0:010010120061;|Type=participle_active 8 זֶ֙רַע֙ זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=seed|Ref=GEN_1:12!6|MId=o010010120061|Strong=2233 9-11 לְמִינֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:12!7|MId=o010010120071|Strong=3807a 10 מִינ מִין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=kind|Ref=GEN_1:12!7|MId=o010010120072|Strong=4327 11 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_1:12!7|MId=o010010120073|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 12-13 וְעֵ֧ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:12!8|MId=o010010120081|Strong=2050b 13 עֵ֧ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=tree[s]|Ref=GEN_1:12!8|MId=o010010120082|Strong=6086 14 עֹֽשֶׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=producing|Ref=GEN_1:12!9|MId=o010010120091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010010120082;A1:010010120101;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 פְּרִ֛יאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 פְּרִ֛י פְּרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=fruit|Ref=GEN_1:12!10|MId=o010010120101|Strong=6529 16 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_1:12!11|MId=o010010120111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 זַרְעוֹ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=seed|Ref=GEN_1:12!12|MId=o010010120121|Strong=2233 18 וֹ־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_1:12!12|MId=o010010120122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 ב֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=GEN_1:12!13|MId=o010010120131|Strong=0871a 20 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=GEN_1:12!13|MId=o010010120132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-23 לְמִינֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:12!14|MId=o010010120141|Strong=3807a 22 מִינ מִין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=kind|Ref=GEN_1:12!14|MId=o010010120142|Strong=4327 23 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_1:12!14|MId=o010010120143|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיַּ֥רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:12!15|MId=o010010120151|Strong=2050b 25 יַּ֥רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=GEN_1:12!15|MId=o010010120152|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010010120161;A1:010010120181;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_1:12!16|MId=o010010120161|Strong=0430 27 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_1:12!17|MId=o010010120171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 28 טֽוֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 ccomp _ Gloss=[it.was].good|Ref=GEN_1:12!18|MId=o010010120181|Strong=2896|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=GEN_1:12!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תּוֹצֵא *it brought forth* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | דֶּשֶׁא *vegetation* + עֵשֶׂב *plant\[s\]* + עֵץ *tree\[s\]* | | | אָרֶץ *earth* | | מַזְרִיעַ *\[which\] bears seed* | participle active · hiphil | זֶרַע *seed* | | | עֵשֶׂב *plant\[s\]* | | עֹֽשֶׂה־ *producing* | participle active · qal | עֵץ *tree\[s\]* | פְּרִי *fruit* | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | טֽוֹב *\[it was\] good* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאַפֵּקַת אַרְעָא דִּיתְאָה עִסְבָּא דְּבַר זַרְעֵהּ מִזְדְּרַע לִזְנוֹהִי וְאִילַן עָבֵד פֵּירִין דְּבַר זַרְעֵהּ בֵּהּ לִזְנוֹהִי וַחֲזָא יְיָ אֲרֵי טָב The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind; and God saw that it was good.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.13/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:11`. - ← previous: [Genesis 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.11/) - next →: [Genesis 1:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.13/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/)