--- title: Genesis 1:24 — And God said: 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after i… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And God said: 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.' And it was so. Who acts: God, earth. Genesis 1:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/) / 1:24 # Genesis 1:24 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** God, earth · **What happens:** say, let, bring forth, creep, be · **To what, where:** earth, living creature · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 1:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, earth — and what happens in the verse to earth, living creature, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ נֶ֤פֶשׁ חַיָּה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ בְּהֵמָ֥ה וָרֶ֛מֶשׂ וְחַֽיְתוֹ־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמִינָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ [And God said: 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.' And it was so.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.25/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:23 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ נֶ֤פֶשׁ חַיָּה֙ לְמִינָ֔הּ בְּהֵמָ֥ה וָרֶ֛מֶשׂ וְחַֽיְתוֹ־אֶ֖רֶץ לְמִינָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ # verse = GEN.1.24 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:24!1|MId=o010010240011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_1:24!1|MId=o010010240012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010010240021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_1:24!2|MId=o010010240021|Strong=0430 4 תּוֹצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.produce|Ref=GEN_1:24!3|MId=o010010240031|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:010010240042;A0:010010240051;|Type=jussive 5-6 הָאָ֜רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:24!4|MId=o010010240041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָ֜רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1:24!4|MId=o010010240042|Strong=0776 7 נֶ֤פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=creature[s]|Ref=GEN_1:24!5|MId=o010010240051|Strong=5315 8 חַיָּה֙ חַי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 amod _ Gloss=living|Ref=GEN_1:24!6|MId=o010010240061|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 9-11 לְמִינָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:24!7|MId=o010010240071|Strong=3807a 10 מִינ מִין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Gloss=kind|Ref=GEN_1:24!7|MId=o010010240072|Strong=4327 11 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_1:24!7|MId=o010010240073|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12 בְּהֵמָ֥ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=livestock|Ref=GEN_1:24!8|MId=o010010240081|Strong=0929 13-14 וָרֶ֛מֶשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:24!9|MId=o010010240091|Strong=2050b 14 רֶ֛מֶשׂ רֶמֶשׂ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=creeping.thing[s]|Ref=GEN_1:24!9|MId=o010010240092|Strong=7431 15-16 וְחַֽיְתוֹ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:24!10|MId=o010010240101|Strong=2050b 16 חַֽיְתוֹ־ חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=GEN_1:24!10|MId=o010010240102|Strong=2416c 17 אֶ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=GEN_1:24!11|MId=o010010240111|Strong=0776 18-20 לְמִינָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:24!12|MId=o010010240121|Strong=3807a 19 מִינ מִין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Gloss=kind|Ref=GEN_1:24!12|MId=o010010240122|Strong=4327 20 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=GEN_1:24!12|MId=o010010240123|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21-22 וַֽיְהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:24!13|MId=o010010240131|Strong=2050b 22 יְהִי־ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_1:24!13|MId=o010010240132|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 23 כֵֽן כֵּן ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=GEN_1:24!14|MId=o010010240141|Strong=3651|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=GEN_1:24!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | תּוֹצֵא *let it produce* | jussive · hiphil | נֶפֶשׁ *creature\[s\]* | | | אָרֶץ *earth* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ תַּפֵּק אַרְעָא נַפְשָׁא חַיְתָא לִזְנַהּ בְּעִיר וּרְחֵשׁ וְחֵוַת אַרְעָא לִזְנַהּ וַהֲוָה כֵן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And God said: 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind.' And it was so.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.25/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:23`. - ← previous: [Genesis 1:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.23/) - next →: [Genesis 1:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.25/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/)