--- title: Genesis 1:28 — And God blessed them; and God said unto them: 'Be fruitful, and mult… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And God blessed them; and God said unto them: 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that creepeth upon the earth.' Who acts: God, living thing. Genesis 1:28 in Hebrew w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/) / 1:28 # Genesis 1:28 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** God, living thing · **What happens:** bless, say, be, multiply, replenish, subdue · **To what, where:** cattle, earth, dominion · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 1:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, living thing — and what happens in the verse to cattle, earth, dominion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֛וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁ֑הָ וּרְד֞וּ בִּדְגַ֤ת הַיָּם֙ וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּבְכָל־חַיָּ֖ה הָֽרֹמֶ֥שֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [And God blessed them; and God said unto them: 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that creepeth upon the earth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.29/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:27 # text = וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָם֮ אֱלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָהֶ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים פְּר֥וּ וּרְב֛וּ וּמִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁ֑הָ וּרְד֞וּ בִּדְגַ֤ת הַיָּם֙ וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּבְכָל־חַיָּ֖ה הָֽרֹמֶ֥שֶׂת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = GEN.1.28 1-2 וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!1|MId=o010010280011|Strong=2050b 2 יְבָ֣רֶךְ בָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.blessed|Ref=GEN_1:28!1|MId=o010010280012|Strong=1288|Frame=A1:010010280022;A0:010010280031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֹתָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_1:28!2|MId=o010010280021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 ָם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_1:28!2|MId=o010010280022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 אֱלֹהִים֒ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_1:28!3|MId=o010010280031|Strong=0430 6-7 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!4|MId=o010010280041|Strong=2050b 7 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_1:28!4|MId=o010010280042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010010280061;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 לָהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:28!5|MId=o010010280051|Strong=3807a 9 ָהֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=GEN_1:28!5|MId=o010010280052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_1:28!6|MId=o010010280061|Strong=0430 11 פְּר֥וּ פָּרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 ccomp _ Gloss=be.fruitful|Ref=GEN_1:28!7|MId=o010010280071|Strong=6509|Frame=A0:010010280052;|Type=imperative 12-13 וּרְב֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!8|MId=o010010280081|Strong=2050b 13 רְב֛וּ רָבָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=multiply|Ref=GEN_1:28!8|MId=o010010280082|Strong=7235|Frame=A0:010010280052;|Type=imperative 14-15 וּמִלְא֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!9|MId=o010010280091|Strong=2050b 15 מִלְא֥וּ מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=fill|Ref=GEN_1:28!9|MId=o010010280092|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:010010280052;A1:010010280112;|Type=imperative 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_1:28!10|MId=o010010280101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:28!11|MId=o010010280111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1:28!11|MId=o010010280112|Strong=0776 19-21 וְכִבְשֻׁ֑הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!12|MId=o010010280121|Strong=2050b 20 כִבְשֻׁ֑ כָּבַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=subdue|Ref=GEN_1:28!12|MId=o010010280122|Strong=3533|Frame=A0:010010280052;A1:010010280123;|Type=imperative 21 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=GEN_1:28!12|MId=o010010280123|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22-23 וּרְד֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!13|MId=o010010280131|Strong=2050b 23 רְד֞וּ רָדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=rule|Ref=GEN_1:28!13|MId=o010010280132|Strong=7287|Frame=A0:010010280052;|Type=imperative 24-25 בִּדְגַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=GEN_1:28!14|MId=o010010280141|Strong=0871a 25 דְגַ֤ת דָּגָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=the.fish|Ref=GEN_1:28!14|MId=o010010280142|Strong=1710 26-27 הַיָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_1:28!15|MId=o010010280151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יָּם֙ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=GEN_1:28!15|MId=o010010280152|Strong=3220 28-30 וּבְע֣וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!16|MId=o010010280161|Strong=2050b 29 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=GEN_1:28!16|MId=o010010280162|Strong=0871a 30 ע֣וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=the.bird[s]|Ref=GEN_1:28!16|MId=o010010280163|Strong=5775 31-32 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_1:28!17|MId=o010010280171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=GEN_1:28!17|MId=o010010280172|Strong=8064 33-35 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:28!18|MId=o010010280181|Strong=2050b 34 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=GEN_1:28!18|MId=o010010280182|Strong=0871a 35 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=GEN_1:28!18|MId=o010010280183|Strong=3605 36 חַיָּ֖ה חַיָּה NOUN _ Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=animal|Ref=GEN_1:28!19|MId=o010010280191|Strong=2416c 37-38 הָֽרֹמֶ֥שֶׂת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הָֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=[which]|Ref=GEN_1:28!20|MId=o010010280201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 רֹמֶ֥שֶׂת רָמַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 36 appos _ Gloss=creeps|Ref=GEN_1:28!20|MId=o010010280202|Strong=7430|Frame=A0:010010280191;|Type=participle_active 39 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_1:28!21|MId=o010010280211|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 40-41 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:28!22|MId=o010010280221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1:28!22|MId=o010010280222|Strong=0776 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=GEN_1:28!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְבָרֶךְ *he blessed* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | ָם *them* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | פְּרוּ *be fruitful* | imperative · qal | ָהֶם *them* | | | | | רְבוּ *multiply* | imperative · qal | ָהֶם *them* | | | | | מִלְאוּ *fill* | imperative · qal | ָהֶם *them* | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | כִבְשֻׁ *subdue* | imperative · qal | ָהֶם *them* | הָ *it* | | | | רְדוּ *rule* | imperative · qal | ָהֶם *them* | | | | | רֹמֶשֶׂת *creeps* | participle active · qal | חַיָּה *animal* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּבָרִיךְ יָתְהוֹן יְיָ וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן יְיָ פּוּשׁוּ וּסְגוּ וּמְלוּ יָת אַרְעָא וּתְקוּפוּ עֲלַהּ וּשְׁלוּטוּ בְּנוּנֵי יַמָּא וּבְעוֹפָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא וּבְכָל חַיְתָא דְּרָחֵשָׁא עַל אַרְעָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And God blessed them; and God said unto them: 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that creepeth upon the earth.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.29/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:27`. - ← previous: [Genesis 1:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.27/) - next →: [Genesis 1:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.29/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/)