--- title: Genesis 1:7 — And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. Who acts: God, waters, firmament. Genesis 1:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/) / 1:7 # Genesis 1:7 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** God, waters, firmament · **What happens:** make, divide, be · **To what, where:** firmament, waters This is Genesis 1:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God, waters, firmament — and what happens in the verse to firmament, waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־הָרָקִיעַ֒ וַיַּבְדֵּ֗ל בֵּ֤ין הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לָרָקִ֔יעַ וּבֵ֣ין הַמַּ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל לָרָקִ֑יעַ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ [And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.7/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:6 # text = וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־הָרָקִיעַ֒ וַיַּבְדֵּ֗ל בֵּ֤ין הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לָרָקִ֔יעַ וּבֵ֣ין הַמַּ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל לָרָקִ֑יעַ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃ # verse = GEN.1.7 1-2 וַיַּ֣עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:7!1|MId=o010010070011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=GEN_1:7!1|MId=o010010070012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:010010070021;A1:010010070042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֱלֹהִים֮ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=GEN_1:7!2|MId=o010010070021|Strong=0430 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_1:7!3|MId=o010010070031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָרָקִיעַ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:7!4|MId=o010010070041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 רָקִיעַ֒ רָקִיעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=firmament|Ref=GEN_1:7!4|MId=o010010070042|Strong=7549 7-8 וַיַּבְדֵּ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:7!5|MId=o010010070051|Strong=2050b 8 יַּבְדֵּ֗ל בָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.separated|Ref=GEN_1:7!5|MId=o010010070052|Strong=0914|Frame=A0:010010070021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 בֵּ֤ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=GEN_1:7!6|MId=o010010070061|Strong=0996 10-11 הַמַּ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:7!7|MId=o010010070071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מַּ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=waters|Ref=GEN_1:7!7|MId=o010010070072|Strong=4325 12 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_1:7!8|MId=o010010070081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13-14 מִתַּ֣חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=[were].from|Ref=GEN_1:7!9|MId=o010010070091|Strong=4480 14 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=under|Ref=GEN_1:7!9|MId=o010010070092|Strong=8478 15-17 לָרָקִ֔יעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_1:7!10|MId=o010010070101|Strong=3807a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:7!10|MId=o010010070101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 רָקִ֔יעַ רָקִיעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=firmament|Ref=GEN_1:7!10|MId=o010010070102|Strong=7549 18-19 וּבֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:7!11|MId=o010010070111|Strong=2050b 19 בֵ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=GEN_1:7!11|MId=o010010070112|Strong=0996 20-21 הַמַּ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:7!12|MId=o010010070121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=GEN_1:7!12|MId=o010010070122|Strong=4325 22 אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_1:7!13|MId=o010010070131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23-24 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[were].from|Ref=GEN_1:7!14|MId=o010010070141|Strong=4480 24 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(above)|Ref=GEN_1:7!14|MId=o010010070142|Strong=5921 25-27 לָרָקִ֑יעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=GEN_1:7!15|MId=o010010070151|Strong=3807a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1:7!15|MId=o010010070151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 רָקִ֑יעַ רָקִיעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=firmament|Ref=GEN_1:7!15|MId=o010010070152|Strong=7549 28-29 וַֽיְהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1:7!16|MId=o010010070161|Strong=2050b 29 יְהִי־ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_1:7!16|MId=o010010070162|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 30 כֵֽן כֵּן ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=GEN_1:7!17|MId=o010010070171|Strong=3651|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=GEN_1:7!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַשׂ *he made* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | רָקִיעַ *firmament* | | | | יַּבְדֵּל *he separated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַעֲבַד יְיָ יָת רְקִיעָא וְאַפְרֵישׁ בֵּין מַיָּא דִּי מִלְרַע לִרְקִיעָא וּבֵין מַיָּא דִּי מֵעַל לִרְקִיעָא וַהֲוָה כֵן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.7/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:6`. - ← previous: [Genesis 1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.6/) - next →: [Genesis 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.1.8/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/1/)