--- title: Genesis 10:18 — and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad. Genesis 10:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/10/) / 10:18 # Genesis 10:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **What happens:** spread · **To what, where:** Arvadite This is Genesis 10:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to Arvadite, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ [and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.264/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:252 # text = וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ # verse = GEN.10.18 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:18!1|MId=o010100180011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_10:18!1|MId=o010100180012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3-4 הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_10:18!2|MId=o010100180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אַרְוָדִ֥י אַרְוָדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=Arvadite[s]|Ref=GEN_10:18!2|MId=o010100180022|Strong=0721|Type=gentilic 5-6 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:18!3|MId=o010100180031|Strong=2050b 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_10:18!3|MId=o010100180032|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 7-8 הַצְּמָרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_10:18!4|MId=o010100180041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 צְּמָרִ֖י צְמָרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=Zemarite[s]|Ref=GEN_10:18!4|MId=o010100180042|Strong=6786|Type=gentilic 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:18!5|MId=o010100180051|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_10:18!5|MId=o010100180052|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11-12 הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_10:18!6|MId=o010100180061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 חֲמָתִ֑י חֲמָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=Hamathite[s]|Ref=GEN_10:18!6|MId=o010100180062|Strong=2577|Type=gentilic 13-14 וְאַחַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:18!7|MId=o010100180071|Strong=2050b 14 אַחַ֣ר אַחַר ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=after|Ref=GEN_10:18!7|MId=o010100180072|Strong=0310 15 נָפֹ֔צוּ פּוּץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.were.scattered|Ref=GEN_10:18!8|MId=o010100180081|Strong=6327|Frame=A1:010100180091;|Type=qatal 16 מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.clans|Ref=GEN_10:18!9|MId=o010100180091|Strong=4940 17-18 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_10:18!10|MId=o010100180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 כְּנַעֲנִֽי כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Canaanite[s]|Ref=GEN_10:18!10|MId=o010100180102|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=GEN_10:18!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָפֹצוּ *they were scattered* | qatal · niphal | | מִשְׁפְּחוֹת *the clans* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְיָת אַרְוָדָאֵי וְיָת צְמָרָאֵי וְיָת חֲמָתָאֵי וּבָתַר כֵּן אִתְבַּדָּרוּ זַרְעֲיַת כְּנַעֲנָאֵי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.264/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:252`. - ← previous: [Genesis 10:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.17/) - next →: [Genesis 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/10/)