--- title: Genesis 10:19 — And the border of the Canaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest toward… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the border of the Canaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest toward Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest toward Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboiim, unto Lasha. Who acts: border, thou. Genesis 10:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/10/) / 10:19 # Genesis 10:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** border, thou · **What happens:** be, go · **To what, where:** Zidon, Gaza This is Genesis 10:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, thou — and what happens in the verse to Zidon, Gaza, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִצִּידֹ֔ן בֹּאֲכָ֥ה גְרָ֖רָה עַד־עַזָּ֑ה בֹּאֲכָ֞ה סְדֹ֧מָה וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאַדְמָ֥ה וּצְבֹיִ֖ם עַד־לָֽשַׁע׃ [And the border of the Canaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest toward Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest toward Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboiim, unto Lasha.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.265/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:253 # text = וַֽיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִצִּידֹ֔ן בֹּאֲכָ֥ה גְרָ֖רָה עַד־עַזָּ֑ה בֹּאֲכָ֞ה סְדֹ֧מָה וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאַדְמָ֥ה וּצְבֹיִ֖ם עַד־לָֽשַׁע׃ # verse = GEN.10.19 1-2 וַֽיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:19!1|MId=o010100190011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=GEN_10:19!1|MId=o010100190012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:010100190021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 גְּב֤וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.border|Ref=GEN_10:19!2|MId=o010100190021|Strong=1366 4-5 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_10:19!3|MId=o010100190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 כְּנַעֲנִי֙ כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Canaanite[s]|Ref=GEN_10:19!3|MId=o010100190032|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 6-7 מִצִּידֹ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_10:19!4|MId=o010100190041|Strong=4480 7 צִּידֹ֔ן צִידוֹן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Sidon|Ref=GEN_10:19!4|MId=o010100190042|Strong=6721 8-9 בֹּאֲכָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בֹּא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=going|Ref=GEN_10:19!5|MId=o010100190051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010100190052;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ֲכָ֥ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_10:19!5|MId=o010100190052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10-11 גְרָ֖רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 גְרָ֖ר גְּרָר PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=towards|Ref=GEN_10:19!6|MId=o010100190061|Strong=1642 11 ָה ה X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=Gerar|Ref=GEN_10:19!6|MId=o010100190062|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 12 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_10:19!7|MId=o010100190071|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 13 עַזָּ֑ה עַזָּה PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Gaza|Ref=GEN_10:19!8|MId=o010100190081|Strong=5804 14-15 בֹּאֲכָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בֹּא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=going|Ref=GEN_10:19!9|MId=o010100190091|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010100190092;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 ֲכָ֞ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_10:19!9|MId=o010100190092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16-17 סְדֹ֧מָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 סְדֹ֧מ סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=towards|Ref=GEN_10:19!10|MId=o010100190101|Strong=5467 17 ָה ה X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=Sodom|Ref=GEN_10:19!10|MId=o010100190102|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 18-19 וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:19!11|MId=o010100190111|Strong=2050b 19 עֲמֹרָ֛ה עֲמֹרָה PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Gomorrah|Ref=GEN_10:19!11|MId=o010100190112|Strong=6017 20-21 וְאַדְמָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:19!12|MId=o010100190121|Strong=2050b 21 אַדְמָ֥ה אַדְמָה PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Admah|Ref=GEN_10:19!12|MId=o010100190122|Strong=0126 22-23 וּצְבֹיִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_10:19!13|MId=o010100190131|Strong=2050b 23 צְבֹיִ֖ם צְבֹאיִם PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Zeboiim|Ref=GEN_10:19!13|MId=o010100190132|Strong=6636 24 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_10:19!14|MId=o010100190141|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 25 לָֽשַׁע לֶשַׁע PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Lasha|Ref=GEN_10:19!15|MId=o010100190151|Strong=3962|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_10:19!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | גְּבוּל *the border* | | | | | בֹּא *going* | infinitive construct · qal | ֲכָה *your* | | | | | בֹּא *going* | infinitive construct · qal | ֲכָה *your* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה תְּחוּם כְּנַעֲנָאֵי מִצִידוֹן מָטֵי לִגְרָר עַד עַזָּה מָטֵי לִסְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה וְאַדְמָה וּצְבוֹיִם עַד לָשַׁע The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the border of the Canaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest toward Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest toward Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboiim, unto Lasha.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.265/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:253`. - ← previous: [Genesis 10:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.18/) - next →: [Genesis 10:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.10.20/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/10/)